Psych 100 Unit Exam 1 Prof LeBreton Study Guide Your exam will have 50 MC questions and covers chapters 1 2 4 5 Be familiar with the various modern viewpoints in psychology 1 Biological how the body influences behavior thoughts feelings nervous system brain chemicals hormones genetics evolutionary psychology how our adaptive evolution affects us today 2 Learning Behaviorism how environment and experience affect behavior thoughts feelings behaviorism what we can see reinforcement and punishment behavior modification 3 Cognitive how thoughts affect behavior feelings reasoning memory intelligence beliefs thoughts 4 Sociocultural how social and cultural influences affect thoughts feelings behavior most underestimate the power of culture and society 5 Psychodynamic how unconscious conflicts inner forces affect behavior thoughts feelings Freud family of origin childhood issues 6 Humanistic how to create a fulfilled life free will choices be all that you can be be your best positive psychology happiness Specialty Areas in Psychology Basic Psychology research publish Applied Psychology finding practical uses for the research Distinguish between structuralism and functionalism Structuralists Wundt and Titchener analyzed sensations images and feelings into basic elements Introspection looking inward to describe experiences Functionalists James and Calkins analyzed the function or purpose of behavior Darwin influenced Be familiar with the various types of psychologists including the difference btw a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist Experimental Psychologist focus on laboratory studies of various topics Educational Psychologist research ways to improve educational systems Psych 100 Unit Exam 1 Prof LeBreton Developmental Psychologist how we grow and change throughout the lifespan Industrial Organizational Psychologist behavior in the workplace effective business practices Psychometric Psychologists design and evaluate tests interest personality IQ School Psychologist work with parents teachers students to solve problems Clinical Psychologist focus on understanding and treating emotional problems abnormal or dysfunctional behavior Counseling Psychologist focus on helping people with adjustment problems and helping people make career choices Clinical Psychologist Ph D prepared 5 7 years beyond the bachelors degree cannot prescribe medication because did not attend med school Psychiatrist attended med school and completed special rotations in psychiatry Can prescribe medication to treat mental disorders Understand what it means to operationally define a variable Operational definition how what is in question will be measured Defining a term from the hypothesis in a measurable way Ex Operationalize media drug use aggression define bad driving gets tricky Distinguish among case studies observational studies etc Case Study detailed account of an individual being studied ex Very rare disease not seen before than case study could be done in case someone else gets it genie Observational Study 1 Naturalistic observation Jane Goodall observing chimpanzees in natural habitat 2 Laboratory observation observing a marital discussion in a laboratory Understand how both correlational research and experimental research is conducted understand all the key terms related to both i e IV DV correlation coefficient etc Correlation a descriptive method looks for a consistent relationship between two things Psych 100 Unit Exam 1 Prof LeBreton Positive correlation when the variables move in the same direction ex When one variable goes up the other goes up OR when one variable does down the other goes down ex The better relationship a child has with his her parents the better the child does in school Negative correlation when the variables are moving in opposite directions ex When one goes up the other goes down ex The more a married couple argues the worse their marital satisfaction is Cautions about correlations a relationship correlation does not tell us what caused what As variable A goes up so does variable B but this does not mean that variable A caused variable B to go up Experiment the researcher manipulates one variable to study its effects on another variable Independent Variable IV the variable that is controlled or manipulated Dependent Variable DV the variable that is being measured to see what effect the IV has had Experimental group the group that receives the IV Control Group the group that is not exposed to the IV used to compare the experimental group Random assignment putting research participants into control and experimental groups randomly Placebo a fake treatment or inactive substance sugar pill usually works all in the mind Experimenter effects when a researcher unintentionally effects the results Double blind study neither the researcher nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group Understand how to interpret a correlation coefficient Correlation coefficient a number that describes the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables tells you strength and direction Correlation coefficient can range from 1 0 to 1 0 A correlation coefficient of zero means there is NO relationship Strong relationship at 1 0 and 1 0 Understand and distinguish between the different measures of central tendency Psych 100 Unit Exam 1 Prof LeBreton A measure of central tendency is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position within that set of data As such measures of central tendency are sometimes called measures of central location central value or typical value for a probability distribution Occasionally called an average or the center of the distribution mean median and mode Know the parts of the neuron and what each part does Neuron a specialized cell that conducts impulses through the nervous system and contains three major parts Cell body Dendrites receives messages Axon sends messages the terminal button is the nub at the end of an axon Understand the process of neural communication Neural communication is the transferring of chemical messages known as neurotransmitters from neuron to neuron This is important because information has to be passed on in the body system and its done by the process called neural communication Be familiar with various neurotransmitters and what functions they impact Psych 100 Unit Exam 1 Prof LeBreton Neurotransmitters are the chemicals that run the brain and carry
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