Soc 001 1st Edition Lecture 29 Outline of Last Lecture I Critical Thinking a Judgment b Empathy II Clicker Questions III Chapter 12 Reading Assignment Outline of Current Lecture IV Empathy Review V Chapter 13 Reading Assignment Current Lecture Empathy leads to better critical thinking o Insight o Expanded world view o Loss of fear Empathy understanding that social class affects individuals beliefs values norms material couture and life chances Nonmaterial culture example Meeting prospective partners girls o Upper debutante ball o Upper middle any date must meet the parents first o Lower middle Home by 11 o Lower girl must take the lovable mutt with her Chapter 13 Reading Assignment People in the US do not like to talk much about the country s class system because it violates the idea that people in the US are pretty much equal o Many people are middle class nowadays anyway 80 Yet if we divide the US population into five groups the highest fifth receive half of the money that is paid out in incomes every year and the top fifth owns more than 80 of the wealth o There is inequality in terms of BOTH income and wealth but more in wealth Income the amount of money that an individual or family group receives in wages salaries investments and so on Wealth total value of the assets owned by an individual or family group minus the amount of debt they have These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Special type of money that is not used to buy necessities but is more often used to create opportunity secure a desired stature and standard of living or pass along class status to one s children Most people believe that regardless of social class everyone has about the same chance to get ahead in society Yet according to research done by Margaret Corcoran where one begins does have a big effect on where one ends up Why o Health mortality death rates and morbidity sickness rates are negatively related to social class underdeveloped and ill children might become less healthy and then less employable as adults These inadequacies often arise from parents inability to afford health care or their inattention to children o Education parental income has an effect on whether or not children will finish high school and move onto further education in college For example fewer children in poverty attend preschool than those from affluent families and so they have fewer skills and are disadvantaged and are labeled as having educational problems o Working Life men who grew up in poor families work less hours a year and make less money per hour by almost 40 compared to men who grew up in middle class homes o Crime and Justice poor people are more likely to be victims of all kinds of crime people of the lower class who break the law are more likely to be arrested Many people end up in a class position that is the same or as close to the one occupied by their parents Cultural explanations of the reproduction of the class system are based on two assumptions o People in different social classes have different patterns of values beliefs and behavioral norms which they pass on to their children through the socialization process o The values beliefs and behavioral norms of lower classes are not compatible with success in society Oscar Lewis created the term culture of poverty which turns poverty into a vicious cycle o Continues throughout the generations because of the effects that they have on the children o It is how different the value beliefs and behavioral norms are within the poor from the mainstream society that normally hold those children back Structural explanations reject the notion that the best way to understand poverty is to look at cultural attributes of the poor o It is more appropriate to focus on the limited access to opportunities that the poor people have compared to the affluent o Differences in values beliefs and behavioral norms are the consequences of poverty rather than as the causes o Not their culture but their lack of opportunities that hold them back o Tracking the process whereby students are divided into categories so that they can be assigned in groups to various kinds of classes Fast average or slow learners determines what class you get put into Sociologists Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson tested the Pygmalion effect in schools whether or not the teachers expectations influenced the children s performances o Gave children in a class an intelligence test at the beginning of school year o Randomly assigned one out of every five children in the class to be on the verge of blooming academically o They created an impression in the teacher s minds that great things could be expected of some of their students in the coming year o At the end of the year the kids were retested with the same intelligence test most improved but the random 20 of bloomers made much larger gains in intelligence than the others Sociologists found that most of the mobility occurring over the past century can be better explained by social factors more than individual effort o Moves towards industrialization opens more jobs o Lower birth rates in upper middleclass leads to not all of the higher rating jobs to be filled o Immigration immigrants push lower class non immigrants into better jobs o All three of these combined are referred to as structural mobility has little to nothing to do with the changes in the quality of individuals has to do with changes in the social structure of society
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