Soc 001 1st Edition Lecture 26 Outline of Last Lecture I Clicker Questions II Deviance III Norms IV Chapter 10 final part Reading Assignment Outline of Current Lecture V VI VII VIII IX Clicker Questions Labeling Deviance Conformity Autokinetic Effect Chapter 11 Reading Assignment Current Lecture Clicker Question 1 Which of the following statements about deviance is true o Across all cultures certain acts are considered to be deviant o Across all subcultures certain acts are considered to be deviant by everyone o Across various time periods within a particular culture certain acts are considered to be deviant by everyone o Each of these statements is false Clicker Question 2 When a sociologist say something is deviant she he means it is bad or immoral o False Labeling the theory of deviance o Symbolic Interactionist paradigm o People constantly work to interpret reality o One way labels o A label carries a lot of information o Comes in two phases Primary deviance Everyone does something deviant Called isolated deviance Secondary deviance Some people are caught They are labeled as a deviant The label causes secondary ongoing deviance Secondary deviance results from being labeled deviant These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Clicker Question 3 How does primary deviance differ from secondary deviance o Individuals commit secondary deviance once they ve been labeled as a deviant Conformity a change in behavior due to the real or imagined influence of other people Autokinetic effect very small movements of the eyes o A spot of light in a darkened room appears to move Chapter 11 Reading Assignment Deviance covers the range of fascinating and disciple behaviors that deviate from the norm flip side of conformity o Tied to social norms Norms o Vary across societies o Change over time o Vary within a particular society different subgroups have different norms Deviance o Varies across societies o What is considered deviant at one time may be considered normative at another time o What is considered deviant varies from subgroup to subgroup within a society It is impossible to find any specific act that is considered deviant in every culture Cesare Lombroso physician in Italian prisons deviants were in effect biological failures criminals are evolutionary throwbacks or atavists William Sheldon said person s body shape plays a role in criminality o Three types o Ectomorphs tall thin fragile o Endomorphs short and fat o Mesomorphs muscular and athletic o Criminality was linked to mesomorphy o Other researchers said that it was not the body type but the way that mesomorphics were socialized tougher and less sensitivity created a kind of self fulfilling prophecy that encouraged criminality Emile Durkheim one of first researchers to look for the causes of deviance in terms of social rather than individual factors o Envisioned society as a system made up of interrelated parts o When one part of the social machine doesn t work properly the entire system ceases to work well Aka collective science the totality of beliefs and sentiments common to the average members of the same society made up of the values beliefs norms and goals shared by people in a particular society o Suicide was one of the first studies to use statistical analysis o Found that suicide was the manifestation of the amount of structural strain in a social system o As societies grew larger more complex and more specialized the things that traditionally had held people together would begin to fail Several sources of suicide o Egoism occurs when people are not will integrated into society People lack ties to their social groups Ex Unmarried people were less integrated into society than married people o Anomie a state of social confusion resulting from a rapid social change Situation in which people do not experience the constraint of social norm either because there are no norms or because they don t know the norms State in wherein society fails to exercise adequate regulation of the goals and desires of individual members Occurs when the collective science is not strong enough to affect the behavior of the individual o Durkheim came up with structural explanations to suicide rather than individualistic ones Robert Merton furthered Durkheim s studies on anomie o Anomie is built into the structure of modern society o Occurs when the norms of a society do not match its social structure o Social structures all have two things Goals things worth striving for Means legitimate ways to reach these goals o Disjunction significant gap between goals and legitimate means there exists certain common success goals for the population at large while the social structure rigorously restricts or completely closes access to approved modes of reaching goals for a considerable part of the same population Ex Many could not achieve a college education means in order to achieve the best jobs and most success goals Represented form of structural strain or anomie o Adaption conformity people ignore the disjuncture and keep on trying o Deviant innovation accept and pursue the accepted goals of society but when confronted with a lack of legitimate means devise new ones Accepts the cultural goals but rejects the legitimate means for achieving them o Ritualism reject culturally approved goals but continue to pursue the means Follow legitimate means without caring about the goals Following the rules becomes more important that achieving the goals o Retreatists noticeably different in that they reject both the goals and the legitimate means to them Do not care about the goals of success or about going through the motions Can Drop out of society by moving into mountains or terrains o Rebellion rebels are deviant because they reject both cultural goals and means and then substitute new ones Substitution of goals and means distinguishes rebels from retreatist Seems to be the biggest threat to society Just as legitimate means to success are unequally distributed in society so are illegitimate means One usually learns to be deviant through socialization deviance is frequently a learned social behavior o Becker studied marijuana smokers deviant from the law to try and understand why they committed illegal acts o Found that there were actually three separate social processes to becoming a potsmoker o 1 Learning to smoke o 2 Learning to perceive the effects o