Soc. 001 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I. ClickersII. StatusIII. RoleIV. Social StructureV. SocializationVI. Chapter 8 Reading AssignmentOutline of Current Lecture VII. ValuesVIII. FamilyIX. Penn State Ex. From ClassX. SocializationXI. Chapter 9 Reading AssignmentCurrent Lecture- Values: cultural ideas about what is good and desirable, as opposed to bad and undesirableo Americans value togetherness Tailgating at football games Sororities/Fraternities o But note that values can conflicto Americans can also value individualityo Americans value politeness Giving a compliment even though you don’t particularly like the article of clothing instead of being blunt/rude- Family: o Every day, people mature, move out, dieo A family is an existing social structure o Every day, a society needs new families, or a society will cease to exist- Penn State:o Every year, people graduateo Every year, PSU needs new students or “PSU” will cease to existo What are things we value about Penn State? Cultural togetherness and identityo What is an example of this value in action? When someone shouts “We are!” everyone automatically responds with “Penn State!”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o How does this value get passed along? Even when potential incoming students are touring the campus, current students and faculty will scream this at them and the Lion Ambassadors encourage them to respond back. Everyone learns this, whether they end up coming here or not.- Clicker Question 1: Values are defined as:o Cultural ideas about what is good and desirable- The beginning of life- Babies o Have: Instincts/Reflex Hunger/bowels Crying Suckingo But they do not have: Language Folkways Object permanenceo Development Physical, mental and emotionalo Without socialization: Development is slowed Development may not occur at all **Crucial window ages 0-2- Socialization is NOT a natural process - Socialization and development: an “ideal” experimento Randomly assign two twin infants to different treatmentso One is locked in a room with diapers, the other socializes normallyo Come back in 15 years, and the one with diapers will die from no human interactiono You can be confident that any difference between the two babies is evidence of the importance of socialization- Socialization and development: an “natural” experimento Kids raised without adequate socializationo Parental abandonment, abuse, etc.o Kids raised in prisono Orphanageso Results: abnormal outcomes are indirect proof of the importance of socializationChapter 9 Reading Assignment: Society and Social Institutions- A major contributor towards the enduring and repetitive nature of social life has to do with the fact that the statuses (positions in a group) and roles (rights and duties of people in particular statuses) are enduring and repetitive- Social institutions: accepted and persistent constellation of statuses, roles, values, and norms that respond to important societal needso Phenomena that account for much of the fact that social structures tend to be enduring and repetitive- Society: the totality of people and social relations in a given geographic space; defining characteristic of a society is its self-sufficiencyo A group does not qualify as a society unless it has all the resources to meet all member’sbasic needs- food, housing, clothes, social control, defense, membership replacement, etc.- Other attributes of institutions (other than providing for needs of members)o Generally unplanned; develop gradually People try to solve their problems in a variety of ways; the solution that is works best usually sticks Humans become habitualized: formation of behavior into a routine Not all routines are institutions though; routine is the way we do it, but institutionalized behavior is the way it must be done Institutions survive only if their “rightness” can be explained as bother reasonable/logical and naturalo They change, but slowly; are conservative Since institutions are legitimized by both logic and appeals of the nature of things makes them difficult to change, and any attempt at change seems to be an attack on both nature and logic o Society’s institutions are interdependent; as one change, they all start to change Things such as technological and economic change, war, or rights activist movements can cause changes in a society’s institutions WWII caused women to leave the home and take factory jobs showed that society could still survive this way went from 95% of married women staying at home with the children to less than 25% today and many have jobs that were normally occupied by meno Statuses, roles, values and norms of an institution usually do not resemble those in another society All societies have similar needs, but the way that they respond to these needs can be extremely varied Problem of distribution of political authority can be solved by monarchy (rule by king or queen), aristocracy (rule by a few), tyranny (rule by an absolute or oppressive leader), theocracy (rule by God or God’s representatives) or representative democracy (rule by the people)- As society grows in size and complexity, institutions become more specialized- Institutions are established and accepted routines; they also limit people’s
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