Soc 001 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I Clickers II Status III Role IV Social Structure V Socialization VI Chapter 8 Reading Assignment Outline of Current Lecture VII Values VIII Family IX Penn State Ex From Class X Socialization XI Chapter 9 Reading Assignment Current Lecture Values cultural ideas about what is good and desirable as opposed to bad and undesirable o Americans value togetherness Tailgating at football games Sororities Fraternities o But note that values can conflict o Americans can also value individuality o Americans value politeness Giving a compliment even though you don t particularly like the article of clothing instead of being blunt rude Family o Every day people mature move out die o A family is an existing social structure o Every day a society needs new families or a society will cease to exist Penn State o Every year people graduate o Every year PSU needs new students or PSU will cease to exist o What are things we value about Penn State Cultural togetherness and identity o What is an example of this value in action When someone shouts We are everyone automatically responds with Penn State These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o How does this value get passed along Even when potential incoming students are touring the campus current students and faculty will scream this at them and the Lion Ambassadors encourage them to respond back Everyone learns this whether they end up coming here or not Clicker Question 1 Values are defined as o Cultural ideas about what is good and desirable The beginning of life Babies o Have Instincts Reflex Hunger bowels Crying Sucking o But they do not have Language Folkways Object permanence o Development Physical mental and emotional o Without socialization Development is slowed Development may not occur at all Crucial window ages 0 2 Socialization is NOT a natural process Socialization and development an ideal experiment o Randomly assign two twin infants to different treatments o One is locked in a room with diapers the other socializes normally o Come back in 15 years and the one with diapers will die from no human interaction o You can be confident that any difference between the two babies is evidence of the importance of socialization Socialization and development an natural experiment o Kids raised without adequate socialization o Parental abandonment abuse etc o Kids raised in prison o Orphanages o Results abnormal outcomes are indirect proof of the importance of socialization Chapter 9 Reading Assignment Society and Social Institutions A major contributor towards the enduring and repetitive nature of social life has to do with the fact that the statuses positions in a group and roles rights and duties of people in particular statuses are enduring and repetitive Social institutions accepted and persistent constellation of statuses roles values and norms that respond to important societal needs o Phenomena that account for much of the fact that social structures tend to be enduring and repetitive Society the totality of people and social relations in a given geographic space defining characteristic of a society is its self sufficiency o A group does not qualify as a society unless it has all the resources to meet all member s basic needs food housing clothes social control defense membership replacement etc Other attributes of institutions other than providing for needs of members o Generally unplanned develop gradually People try to solve their problems in a variety of ways the solution that is works best usually sticks Humans become habitualized formation of behavior into a routine Not all routines are institutions though routine is the way we do it but institutionalized behavior is the way it must be done Institutions survive only if their rightness can be explained as bother reasonable logical and natural o They change but slowly are conservative Since institutions are legitimized by both logic and appeals of the nature of things makes them difficult to change and any attempt at change seems to be an attack on both nature and logic o Society s institutions are interdependent as one change they all start to change Things such as technological and economic change war or rights activist movements can cause changes in a society s institutions WWII caused women to leave the home and take factory jobs showed that society could still survive this way went from 95 of married women staying at home with the children to less than 25 today and many have jobs that were normally occupied by men o Statuses roles values and norms of an institution usually do not resemble those in another society All societies have similar needs but the way that they respond to these needs can be extremely varied Problem of distribution of political authority can be solved by monarchy rule by king or queen aristocracy rule by a few tyranny rule by an absolute or oppressive leader theocracy rule by God or God s representatives or representative democracy rule by the people As society grows in size and complexity institutions become more specialized Institutions are established and accepted routines they also limit people s choices
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