Soc. 001 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 9“The sociological eye and its blinders”, 40,-Collins- Sociological eye: tool used to look at the world around us, the immediate world that everyone lives in; can be turned on no matter what the location or activity is. o Example: in a boring committee meeting, you can check the pattern of who is sitting nextto whom, who gets the floor, who makes eye contact, etc. o This gives sociologists new theoretical ideas and enlivens the theories carried from the past- Social activism: another source of continuous energy and commitment; taking part in a movement and having the desire to change society, help people, fight injustice or elevate the oppressed.o Complications of this include: burnout, institutionalizationo “If you’re not part of the solution, you’re part of the problem.”- Biggest “blinder” to sociological eyeo Black says that activist mentality is the biggest blinder to seeing the social pattern.o “For right and wrong, the categories by which the activist works are themselves socially variable attitudes arising from particular configurations of conflict, social control, and conflict management.”- “The Time Blind is written by…o Arlie Hochschild- Research done on “The Time Blind began byo It began with a puzzle: Hochschild noticed that relatively few people were taking advantage of family-friendly employment policies allowing shorter hours, part-time work, parental leave or flexible time. o Today, blame would be put on economic pressures or subtle organizational coercion; butHochschild saw it differently.- Answer to the puzzle in “The Time Blind”o Work and home places were both changing for middle-class people. The consequences of the successes of the middle-class women’s movement now included home becoming more of a hassle, women would work long hours and still not receive much help from husbands around the house, women shifted their energy to their work life more than the home life, family life started to depend on commercial services such as food preparation, child care and entertainment.- Why was “The Time Blind” met with a slew of controversies?o Most people do not have the sociological eye; public political discourse is carried out in the language of parties and movements, and they see anything published as a move for or against a partisan position. - What is the “Partisan Position”?o The partisan position were the women trying to fight the government for equality in the workplace; they saw these as accusations against their accomplishments and a slew against their abilities to juggle both professional and personal life.- The author of “The Time Blind” was attacked with what 3 misconceptions?o Undermining the family acto Blaming working mothers for emotionally abandoning their childreno Misperceiving the fight of working women against the pressures of corporate organization- Which is more important, the sociological eye or social activism?o Sociological eye; without it, sociologists lose their creativity and credibility with the public“Body Ritual Among the Nacirema”, 9-Miner- What is this article really about o Viewing a culture that is different than the norm through nonjudgmental eyes. Only by looking at these people as if they are practicing different beliefs, and acting as if we haveno idea what they are doing, can anthropologists begin to understand what the meaningof their culture is. By delving into the Nacireman society and observing with open minds,their diverse behaviors and beliefs have become known to anthropologists and sociologists alike.- What are the “odd” customs of the Naciremao They believe that the human body is ugly and that its natural tendency is to debility and disease The only way for men to avert these things through powerful rituals and ceremonies Every household has one or more shrines devoted to thiso Rituals associated with the shrines are private and secreto Focal point of shrine is a box or chest built into the wall, containing many charms and magical potions which the natives don’t think they can live without havingo Each member of the family enters the shrine room daily to pour holy water on a special font below the magic chesto Have a pathological horror and fascination with the mouth, which is believed to have a supernatural influence on all social relationships Without their rituals of the mouth, they believe that their teeth would fall out, their gums bleed, their jaws shrink, their friends desert them and their lover reject them Part of daily body ritual is the mouth-rite, which includes sticking a small bundle of hog hairs into the moth, along with magical powderso Men scrape their faces with sharp instruments daily; women do this 4 times a month and bake their heads in small ovens - What does Miner mean by “Making the Familiar Strange?”o He means leaving all the preconceptions of what is seen as the “norm” behind and looking at the situation as if you had no idea what the people are doing. Acting as if youare from a completely different place seeing this for the first time and trying to figure out the meaning behind the different behaviors.- Why do sociologists like to make the familiar strange?o It opens a whole new realm of possibilities as to why there are differing behaviors and customs throughout distanced societies, and gives a unique perspective of the situation. It is easier to notice something that wasn’t noticed before- What is one advantage of making the familiar strange?o Ask questions you didn’t think about asking beforeo Realize there’s no real reason, just habit and custom- How does an intentionally bad explanation of behavior help make the familiar strange?o By saying that the men perform a daily body ritual of scraping and lacerating the surface of their face with a sharp instrument, a whole new way of looking at a behavior is capable (instead of simply stating it looks as if they are shaving their faces). One bad explanation can lead to a whole new way of viewing things.“How history and sociology can help today’s families”, 2-Coontz- Rolelessness: adolescents have very few opportunities to do socially necessary work and are not being adequately prepared to transition into adulthood/ job market, but are more focused on schooling and gradeso Most common dilemma facing adolescents, and probably causes the most conflicts with adultso Adolescents do better when they have