Soc. 001 1st Edition Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Clicker QuestionsII. Empirical SociologyIII. Chapter 5 Reading Assignment NotesOutline of Current Lecture IV. Clicker QuestionsV. ConceptVI. VariableVII. AttributeVIII. OperationalizeCurrent Lecture- Summary so far:o Theory demands proofo Empiricism… …supports good theory …reveals flaws in poor theory- Testing sociological theory: Fundamentals 1o Concepts o Variableo Attributeso Operationalization- Clicker Question 1: Samuel Stouffer is a sociologist who is famous for studying…o Morale- Can you measure morale?o It is harder than just using an instrument to measure, such as a thermometero Morale is a concept- Concept: a mental image that summarizes a set of similar observations, feelings or ideaso Summary, it doesn’t exist anymore in the real world than what a summary would o It is abstract Thing that the concept is summarizing could be very easy to see, feel, touch, etc., but the concept itself is abstracto Which picture doesn’t fit: daisy, girl model, pink car, guy modelThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Most choose the guy because that is the stereotype of feminist objects Car, girl and guy are summarized by the concept “man-made” Flower, girl and the car are summarized by the concept “Feminine”o Simple concept: there is just one concept which summarizes all observationso More complex concept: there is just one concept, which barely summarizes them all!o Most complex concept: complexity of the concepts increases with more and more concepts which summarize a group of observations- Concept operationalize variable - Variable: logical collection of attributeso Exists in the real worldo Measures a concept which does not exist in the real worldo Ex. Concept = morale; variable = productivity (get a lot done vs. get a little done vs. get nothing done)o Ex. Concept = make of car; variable = make of car (Audi, Chevrolet, Ford, etc.)- Attribute: values a variable can take o Gender (concept): male and female (variables); masculine and feminine(attributes)o Make of car Attributes Logical = Chevy, Ford, all others Illogical = Chevy, Ford, Chocolate- Clicker Question 2: A(n) variable is a logical collection of attributes- Clicker Question 3: Nike, Reebok, Adidas and Puma could all be considered attributes of the variable “tennis show brands”- Operationalize: transform the concept- which doesn’t exist in the real world-into something that can be observed and measured in the real worldo Describe the operations (steps) Simples concepts: list the values Complex concepts: many dimensions o Operationalize “gender” Male/femaleo Operationalize “Morale” No true measurements of morale cannot simply list a concept’s attributes in complex
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