Soc. 001 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Review for Exam on Mondaya. Clicker questionsb. Four Factors in the Development of Sociologyi. Enclosureii. Industrial revolutioniii. Colonialismiv. Political changeOutline of Current Lecture II. EmpiricismIII. EmpiricalIV. GalileoV. AristotleCurrent Lecture- Empiricism is important - Empiricism is tricky, harder than you think- Empirical: adj; based on observation or experienceo Rather than theory or pure logic- Empiricism: noun; empirical method or practice- Galileo: empiricism is preferable to o Just using theoryo Just using pure logico Just having an opinion (Fulton)o **Show us the evidence!- Aristotleo Observed: heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects o Take a hammer and a feather, drop them at the same time, the hammer will fall faster than the feathero What causes the different falling speeds? Theory: Heavier objects “belong” more at the center of the universeo Galileo proposed empiricism to correct a problem that he had found with Aristotle’s work/assumptions “Let’s do a thought experiment” Tape a lighter object to a heavier on (ex. Tape feather to the hammer) Found that Aristotle’s theory generates two opposite predictions!These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Prediction 1: The new object will fall slower than the hammer heavierslowed down by the lighter- Prediction 2: The new object will fall faster than the hammer since it now weighs more Aristotle used only theory/pure logic; creates two predictions Galileo states that you need a real experiment- Clicker Question 1: Galileo’s “thought experiment” shows that…o Logic and theory ARE NOT enough to explain the empirical world- Empirical evidence is useful because it…o Supports a good theoryo Reveals flows in poor theories (ex. Aristotle’s)- Empirical sociology:o Theory: Promotion to higher rank improves moraleo Stouffer, 1949, wanted to experiment with this theory Military police:- Promotions: low- Morale: high Army Air Corps- Promotions: high - Morale: low- Empiricism is harder than you thinko We often fail to notice what is going on around us (or above
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