Soc. 001 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. ClickersII. Complexity of CultureIII. Material cultureIV. Nonmaterial cultureOutline of Current Lecture V. ClickersVI. StatusVII. RoleVIII. Social StructureIX. SocializationX. Chapter 8 Reading AssignmentCurrent Lecture- Clicker Question 1: Certain written and unwritten rules of behavior are known as:o Norms- Clicker Question 2: If there were no culture, the most serious consequence would be that…o People would have trouble surviving at all- Statuses and Roles (from the football field)o Status: centero Role: snap the ball, make a hole, guard the QB- Social structureo Status: position in the social structure o Role: the sum of expectations about the behavior attached to a particular status- Social structure influences behavior o Our behavior is determined by: Our status (position) Our role (others’ expectations) Relations between the statuses- Ex. Quarterback and wide receiver- Clicker Question 3: Roles are expectations about the behavior attached to a particular place in the social structure - Clicker Question 4: social structures are composed of o Statuses and roles  Cultures are made up of social structures- Case study: Lamb and Lynx GaedeThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o How do things get to be a certain way?o Was it nature or nurture?- Socialization: o Lifelong process by which individuals acquired “cultural competency” and get a sense of themselves as an individualo Lifelong process by which cultures perpetuate existing social structures- Clicker Question 5: Which of the following statements about socialization is false?o Socialization is complete when the individual reaches adulthoodChapter 8 Reading Assignment: Social Structure- Social structure: set of relatively stable roles, or patterned relationships among statuses- Social status: a position that a person occupies in a social structureo Family statuses: mother, father, daughter, son, aunto Occupational statuses: Governor, lawyer, doctor, police, mailmano Social class statuses: upper, middle and lower classeso Other statuses based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, etc.- Some statuses can be achieved by individuals  spouse, doctor, graduate student, convicted mass murderer, etc.; others can be ascribed (individuals are placed, usually at birth, in a status) sex, race, ethnicity, etc.- Status symbols: clues about others’ social statuses gleaned by watching and listening to them- Incumbent: individual occupying a certain status - When we know an individual’s status, we have some good ideas about how he or she may act and expect to be treated, so we generally feel more comfortable interacting with them than when status is not known- Role: the sum total of expectations about the behavior attached to a particular social statuso As a student, our role is to come to class, pay attention, complete homework assignments and quizzes, and study/take exams- Statuses and roles exist independently of their incumbents or occupants (regardless of who the student is, he/she must meet certain minimal role expectations)- Three major problems that can accompany living out statuses/holding up roleso Role Stain: occurs when the demands of a particular role are such that the incumbent is hard-pressed to meet them all Students must complete constant work from multiple classes they are enrolled in, while being involved in extracurriculars, building up a resume or working a job to pay for school Police officers must meet a quota of traffic tickets, solve crimes, respond to emergencies and protect the rights of suspectso Status Inconsistency: occurs when an individual comes to occupy multiple statuses that, in combination, do not mesh with social expectations Middle aged man goes back to college but must refer to a young professor half his age as “Sir” Woman becomes a truck driver (usually a male status) Man becomes a nurse (usually a female status)o Role Conflict: occurs when not only the combos. of statuses are inconsistent, but the actual demands of their roles can clash as well If the child of a Supreme Court judge got into trouble and was brought into their parent’s court, the judge would not be able to act as an impartial because of the conflict between roles of parent and judge When you are babysitting a child and your boyfriend/girlfriend wants to come over, the roles of babysitter and lover conflict with each other- Master status: the one status out of many that a person occupies which filters out the others- usually gender, race or ethnicityo Master status changes expectations of how someone should/will play out their roles andhow others should respond to this o In the American society, we like to think that our achieved statuses are more important than our ascribed statuses, so it upsets people when their master status has to do with their gender, race or other ascribed attribute “African American doctor” or “Female lawyer”- Who we are can also be defined by one’s membership in a specific group: one or more individuals with whom we share some sense of identity or common goals and with whom we interact within a specific social structureo There are many different sorts of social groups that vary on intimacy, whether they are opened or closed to others; but social groups are also something more than a mere social aggregationo Social aggregation: some collectivity of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time Aggregation of fans at a football game or a jazz concert is not a social groupo Primary social group: family and friendship groups Came from Charles H. Cooley, who was interested on discovering how humans becomes socialized (how they are taught to be functioning members of a social group) People learn the rules of social life and cooperation Tend to be Gemeinschafo Secondary social group: less intimacy, usually larger groups, and contains means-to-an-end relationships (other members of the group view you as a member, or worker, or a student, or a person with individual need) What is important is your status, not your personal characteristics Tend to be Gesellschaf- Formal organizations: come into being when groups of people band together to achieve a specific goal (secondary group)o Ex. Making money for stockholderso Ex. People involved in community