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PSU SOC 001 - Exam 3 Study Guide
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Soc. 001 1st EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 22-32Chapter 10- Total institution: places such as mental hospitals and prisons where intense socialization experience takes placeo **A place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals, cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of lifeo No longer persons but objects (inmates, patients, recruits, etc.)o Goal is to take away the individual’s self and give him/her a new one that is more in needs with the social institutiono **Goal is Resocialization- Resocialization: o Generally begun by subjecting the individual to “degradation ceremonies”o Goal is to degrade the individual, or take away the individual’s self in preparation for giving him/her a new one  Marine corps began with depersonalization: wore the same uniforms, got nicknames, had no personal possessions, buzzed hair- Desocialization: take away their name, appearance, personal belongingso Objective: take away old identity and replace it with a better, new identity- Degradation ceremony: insult and abuse, tasks that are menial, exhausting, tiringo Objective: strip away self-worth replace worthless old self with better new selfChapter 11- Deviance: covers the range of fascinating and disciple behaviors that deviate from the norm; flip side of conformityo Varies across societieso What is considered deviant at one time may be considered normative at another timeo What is considered deviant varies from subgroup to subgroup within a society- Cesare Lombroso (physician in Italian prisons): deviants were, in effect, biological failures; criminals are evolutionary throwbacks, or atavists”o Defined criminals by their body features (lower foreheads, higher cheekbones, protrudingears, more body hair) this was proven not to be the caseo Three types:o Ectomorphs: tall, thin, fragileo Endomorphs: short and fato Mesomorphs: muscular and athletico **Criminality was linked to mesomorphy - Psychological theorists think that some forms of deviance are manifestations of certain personalities, such as violence being a manifestation of an aggressive personality- People with a strong superego (or conscience) tend to be good, while people with a weak conscience tend to be bad- One usually learns to be deviant through socialization  deviance is frequently a learned social behavioro Becker studied marijuana smokers (deviant from the law) to try and understand why they committed illegal actso Found that there were actually three separate social processes to becoming a pot-smokero 1. Learning to smokeo 2. Learning to perceive the effectso 3. Learning to enjoy the effects- Primary deviance: can be committed for many reasons, including just wanting to fit in with a groupo Arises out of a variety of social, cultural, psychological and physiological factors- Secondary deviance: the acts of deviance that take place after the individual has been labeled as a devianto Means of social defense or adaptation to the problems created by the societal reaction to the primary devianceChapter 12- Ascribed status: social status (position) assigned at birtho Father’s occupationo Gender race- Achieved status: status (position) earned through one’s own efforts- Caste system: one’s rank is determined by birtho Based on ascribed characteristicso Generally determines a person’s prestige, occupation, residence and the nature of their social relationshipso Divides whole society into heredity groups, by selective marriage, division of labor and hierarchy rankingo Transmigration (reincarnation): each person is born into a certain caste as a result of his/her actions and thoughts in a previous life (karma: law of cause and effect)o Hindu caste system based off ancient sacrifice of Purusha, who was dismembered by the Gods and whose body parts became foundation of the four varnas Brahmans: priests, seers and philosophers Kshatriyas: warriors, royalty and administrators  Vaishyas: producers, merchants, farmers, artisans and other skilled workers Shudras: peasants or unskilled workers Dalits (scheduled): formally known as “untouchables” and perform unpleasant jobs like cleaning or leather tanning (outside religious purity system)- Estate: one’s rank is determined by birtho Contacts between members of different estates are permitted, thought this contact is usually very impersonalo Three estates (or social strata): Highest stratum/first estate: made up of the aristocracy or nobility; first estate was inherited or ascribed to later generations of family members within this stratum Second estate: made up of clergy; church still had a great deal of power because it owned a lot of land- Not based on ascribed characteristics Third estate: included only the peasants; these people were tied to the land given to landowners in the first estate- Later included merchants and craftsmen as well- Aka the “estate of the commoners”- Stratification systems vary between culture, but have three related things in common:o The systems tend to persist for a long timeo The systems are resistant to changeo Each system is bolstered by widely accepted legitimating rationales (widely accepted beliefs that something is fair and just)- Karl Marx: the most important thing about any society was its economic system, especially the means by which it produced the stuff that people needed to surviveo Means of production: in early times, it was hunting and gathering, in the Middle Ages it was agriculture, in modern times it’s industryo Proletariat: those whose place in the means of production is to labor; they have only their own labor power to sello Bourgeoisie: those who own the means of production-the factories and other large production facilities- Max Weber: thought that Marx’s view on the economic class was too narrowo Does not matter where one stood in relation to the means of production (whether or not one was an owner or a worker) but where one stood in the market situationo Power: the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance; aka the ability to impose one’s will or to get one’s way even when faced with opposition from otherso Legitimate power (authority): power that is seen as justified Ex. Police officer stopping bank robber and taking his/her looto Illegitimate power: power that is not justified


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PSU SOC 001 - Exam 3 Study Guide

Type: Study Guide
Pages: 8
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