Soc 001 1st Edition Exam 3 Study Guide Lectures 22 32 Chapter 10 Total institution places such as mental hospitals and prisons where intense socialization experience takes place o A place of residence and work where a large number of like situated individuals cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time together lead an enclosed formally administered round of life o No longer persons but objects inmates patients recruits etc o Goal is to take away the individual s self and give him her a new one that is more in needs with the social institution o Goal is Resocialization Resocialization o Generally begun by subjecting the individual to degradation ceremonies o Goal is to degrade the individual or take away the individual s self in preparation for giving him her a new one Marine corps began with depersonalization wore the same uniforms got nicknames had no personal possessions buzzed hair Desocialization take away their name appearance personal belongings o Objective take away old identity and replace it with a better new identity Degradation ceremony insult and abuse tasks that are menial exhausting tiring o Objective strip away self worth replace worthless old self with better new self Chapter 11 Deviance covers the range of fascinating and disciple behaviors that deviate from the norm flip side of conformity o Varies across societies o What is considered deviant at one time may be considered normative at another time o What is considered deviant varies from subgroup to subgroup within a society Cesare Lombroso physician in Italian prisons deviants were in effect biological failures criminals are evolutionary throwbacks or atavists o Defined criminals by their body features lower foreheads higher cheekbones protruding ears more body hair this was proven not to be the case o Three types o Ectomorphs tall thin fragile o Endomorphs short and fat o Mesomorphs muscular and athletic o Criminality was linked to mesomorphy Psychological theorists think that some forms of deviance are manifestations of certain personalities such as violence being a manifestation of an aggressive personality People with a strong superego or conscience tend to be good while people with a weak conscience tend to be bad One usually learns to be deviant through socialization deviance is frequently a learned social behavior Becker studied marijuana smokers deviant from the law to try and understand why they committed illegal acts o Found that there were actually three separate social processes to becoming a pot smoker o 1 Learning to smoke o 2 Learning to perceive the effects o 3 Learning to enjoy the effects Primary deviance can be committed for many reasons including just wanting to fit in with a group o Arises out of a variety of social cultural psychological and physiological factors Secondary deviance the acts of deviance that take place after the individual has been labeled as a deviant o Means of social defense or adaptation to the problems created by the societal reaction to the primary deviance Chapter 12 o Ascribed status social status position assigned at birth o Father s occupation o Gender race Achieved status status position earned through one s own efforts Caste system one s rank is determined by birth o Based on ascribed characteristics o Generally determines a person s prestige occupation residence and the nature of their social relationships o Divides whole society into heredity groups by selective marriage division of labor and hierarchy ranking o Transmigration reincarnation each person is born into a certain caste as a result of his her actions and thoughts in a previous life karma law of cause and effect o Hindu caste system based off ancient sacrifice of Purusha who was dismembered by the Gods and whose body parts became foundation of the four varnas Brahmans priests seers and philosophers Kshatriyas warriors royalty and administrators Vaishyas producers merchants farmers artisans and other skilled workers Shudras peasants or unskilled workers Dalits scheduled formally known as untouchables and perform unpleasant jobs like cleaning or leather tanning outside religious purity system Estate one s rank is determined by birth o Contacts between members of different estates are permitted thought this contact is usually very impersonal o Three estates or social strata Highest stratum first estate made up of the aristocracy or nobility first estate was inherited or ascribed to later generations of family members within this stratum Second estate made up of clergy church still had a great deal of power because it owned a lot of land Not based on ascribed characteristics Third estate included only the peasants these people were tied to the land given to landowners in the first estate Later included merchants and craftsmen as well Aka the estate of the commoners Stratification systems vary between culture but have three related things in common o The systems tend to persist for a long time o The systems are resistant to change o Each system is bolstered by widely accepted legitimating rationales widely accepted beliefs that something is fair and just Karl Marx the most important thing about any society was its economic system especially the means by which it produced the stuff that people needed to survive o Means of production in early times it was hunting and gathering in the Middle Ages it was agriculture in modern times it s industry o Proletariat those whose place in the means of production is to labor they have only their own labor power to sell o Bourgeoisie those who own the means of production the factories and other large production facilities Max Weber thought that Marx s view on the economic class was too narrow o Does not matter where one stood in relation to the means of production whether or not one was an owner or a worker but where one stood in the market situation o Power the probability that one actor within a social relationship will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance aka the ability to impose one s will or to get one s way even when faced with opposition from others o Legitimate power authority power that is seen as justified Ex Police officer stopping bank robber and taking his her loot o Illegitimate power power that is not justified Ex Mugger stopping a pedestrian to take his wallet o Status has to do with prestige or the degree to which an individual has social honor mainly based off of occupations Social mobility can be