ECE532H1S: Digital HardwareSUPER MARIO BROS.FPGADaniel Ng990829181OverviewGoals:Figure 1: Block diagram of initialized planned projectFigure 2: Block diagram of the final productOutcomeVideo Output:ResultSuggested ImprovementUser Input:ResultSuggested ImprovementAudio Output:ResultSuggested ImprovementBrief Descriptions of IP Blocks Used in Final ProductBit Mapped Mode SVGA IP:SVGA Timing Generator CoreZBT Memory Controller CoreMario IP:Detailed Descriptions of the BlocksBit Mapped Mode SVGA IP:BM_MODE_SVGA_CTRL.vSVGA_TIMING_GENERATION.vDRIVE_DAC_DATA.vMEMORY_CTRL.vMario IP: Mario.v (custom core)ECE532H1S: Digital Hardware Project Group Report SUPER MARIO BROS.FPGA Daniel Ng 990829181 Seung Woo Hur 990828994 Date: March 27, 2005Overview Goals: The goal of this project is to recreate the Super Mario Bros. video game on the Xilinx Virtex-II Multimedia Board. The functionality of the project is split into three sections: • Video output • User input • Audio output The main focus of the project is on the development of the video output section. This involves the creation of a video core to display a graphical output from the SVGA interface on the multimedia board to a monitor. After the video core is developed, a core that accepts keyboard input from the UART is created. Finally, an audio core that plays MP3 files is used to generate audio output through speakers connected to the multimedia board.Figure 1: Block diagram of initialized planned projectFigure 2: Block diagram of the final product Outcome The results of the development of each section are: Video Output: Result Video output was successfully completed. We were able to display a moving Mario and a moving enemy (goomba) moving on brown ground with a sky blue background. These objects were implemented as hardware state machines in Verilog. Suggested Improvement A significant improvement to this core would be to implement only the display controller in Verilog, while providing the inputs to the controller in software. This would simplify the programming process and drastically decrease the size of the synthesized graphics core.User Input: Result User input was implemented but with the push buttons on the multimedia board instead of the keyboard. Pressing a button resulted in Mario flying in an up-right direction. Suggested Improvement Implement the keyboard as the user input instead of the push buttons. Audio Output: Result Audio output was not successfully completed. Suggested Improvement Implement the MP3 tutorial module to play in-game music while the game was running. Brief Descriptions of IP Blocks Used in Final Product Our final product does not contain any software IPs, and thus it does not utilize the MicroBlaze processor. The project consists of the Bit Mapped Mode SVGA IP provided by Xilinx and our custom Mario IP written in Verilog. Bit Mapped Mode SVGA IP: The Verilog code for this IP was provided Xilinx’s Multimedia Board Examples web page. The IP consists of two different cores: an SVGA timing generator and a ZBT memory controller. SVGA Timing Generator Core SVGA timing generator creates the timing signals for the SVGA output, controls the memory address provided to the DAC, and generates a user_access_ok signal that dictates when data can be written into the ZBT memory. ZBT Memory Controller Core ZBT memory controller accepts the control, address and data signal inputs and carries out write/read operations on the external ZBT memory. When user_access_ok is high, itwrites to the ZBT RAM, and when it is low, it reads from the ZBT and sends the read data to the DAC. Mario IP: The Mario IP core generates the graphics information that is sent to the ZBT memory and accepts user input from the push buttons of the multimedia board. The graphics are created by state machines that generate the data, address, and control signals for the bus interface to produce the proper graphics. The state machines are controlled by the user_access_ok signal and the pixel clock, which is the main system clock (27MHz). The code to provide push button input was modified from lab m06 and is used to control the state machine that controls how Mario is displayed on the screen. Detailed Descriptions of the Blocks Bit Mapped Mode SVGA IP: The Bit Mapped Mode SVGA IP provided by Xilinx consists of 9 files that are structured in the following hierarchy: BM_MODE_SVGA_CTRL.v SVGA_TIMING_GENERATION.v DRIVE_DAC_DATA.v MEMORY_CTRL.v ZBT_CONTROL.v PIPELINES.v DATA_BUS_INTERFACE.v ADDR_BUS_INTERFACE.v CTRL_BUS_INTERFACE.v BM_MODE_SVGA_CTRL.v This file is the top level module for the bit mapped mode SVGA display. It contains SVGA output ports, ZBT memory input/output ports, user input ports, a reset input port, and a pixel clock input port. The SVGA output, ZBT memory, reset, and pixel clock ports are connected to pins on the multimedia board. The user input ports define the information written into the ZBT memory when the user_access_ok signal received from the SVGA_TIMING_GENERATION module is HIGH. This module instantiates the SVGA_TIMING_GENERATION, DRIVE_DAC_DATA, and MEMORY_CTRL modules.SVGA_TIMING_GENERATION.v This module creates the horizontal synch, vertical synch, composite synch, and composite blank timing signals for the SVGA output, controls the memory address input to the DAC, and generates a user_access_ok signal that dictates when data can be written into the ZBT memory. The module increments through each individual pixel from the top-left corner to the bottom-right corner on each rising edge of the pixel clock. For each pixel that is to be displayed on the screen, the user_access_ok output is asserted LOW and a memory address for that specific pixel of the screen is outputted to the DAC. The DAC reads the memory location and outputs the specific color for that monitor pixel. When the module increments past the last pixel on a line or the screen, the screen is temporarily blanked according to SVGA specifications. During this blanking, user_access_ok is asserted HIGH and data can be written into the ZBT memory. DRIVE_DAC_DATA.v This module generates the color output for a certain pixel and its inputs are controlled by the SVGA_TIMING_GENERATION and BM_MODE_SVGA_CTRL modules. The DAC input data is controlled by the SVGA_TIMING_GENERATION module, and the BM_MODE_SVGA_CTRL module generates the control input signals.