Sample problems for MMG 301 These samples were taken from exam questions in prior years. You need to choose the best answer. The ultimate downfall of the theory of spontaneous generation was the result of work by: A. Pasteur B. Koch C. Hooke D. Leeuwenhoek E. Watson/Crick A Pasteur flask has a(n): A. double neck so two substances may be added at the same time. B. swan neck to prevent airborne particles from entering into the main body of the flask C. secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage. D. inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling. E. none of the above. If the magnification of an occular lens of a particular microscope is 10X and the magnification of the objective lens on the same microscope is 47X, the total magnification achieved is A. 4.7X B. 57X C. 470X. D. 4,700X. E. none of the above. An organism of the genus Staphylococcus will be ____________, while an organism of the genus Spirochaeta will be ______________. A. spherical / rod-shaped. B. rod-shapted / coiled. C. coiled / spherical. D. spherical / coiled. E. club / ellipsoid Morphology is a term that refers to the __________ of the organism. A. size B. shape C. appendage D. attachment site E. Gram's reaction All microorganisms contain the following component in their membranes: A. Proteins. B. Lipopolysaccharides. C. Fatty acids in ester linkage to phosphorylated glycerol. D. Isoprenoid chains in ether linkage to glycerol. E. Sterols. The small size of bacteria relates to a balance between the desired high metabolic rate of the microorganism and the need to take up nutrients and expel toxic wastes through its membrane. A key parameter limiting cell size is: A. The surface area to volume ratio. B. The cell radius. C. The length of cellular DNA. D. Whether the organism has flagella. E. The nutrient used for providing energy.The following compound: CH3 | H-(O-CH-CH2-CO)~10-OH A. Is one structure of teichoic acid B. Is a type of polyisoprenoid found in Archaeal lipids C. Is found in metachromatic granules D. Is used as a carbon and energy source by many microbes (and is a biodegradable plastic) E. Is polymerized to form the cell walls in Sulfolobus Which of the following statements is true regarding fungi? A. Their cell walls generally consist of cellulose. B. They include the chloroplast-free Euglenoids. C. They include the Slime Molds. D. They are responsible for many human diseases including ringworm. E. Some species possess hydrogenosomes for energy production. The high-temperature limit to life is probably governed by: A. The rate of protein denaturation (precipitation). B. The decomposition (hydrolysis) of nucleotides such as ATP. C. The unraveling of double-stranded DNA. D. Disintegration of the cell walls. E. Thermal instability of the nuclear membrane. One species of this protozoan causes a sexually transmitted disease with an incidence of 25-50% in sexually active woman (leading to vaginal discharge and painful urination) and found in 5% of sexually active men (asymptomatic). A. Enamoeba B. Giardia C. Plasmodium D. Trichomonas E. Trypanosoma The overall shape of a prokaryote is governed by: A. The cell wall. B. The cytoplasmic membrane. C. The type of Lipopolysaccharide. D. Microtubules and other internal filaments. E. The protoplast. The Archaea are: A. Only present in “extreme” environments (very hot, very salty, etc.). B. Living examples of microorganisms that existed when life originated. C. Among the most prevalent human pathogens. D. A small group of physiologically similar prokaryotes. E. Defined on the basis of their 16 S sequences. In which decade was the first complete bacteria DNA sequence obtained? A. 1930s B. 1950s C. 1970s D. 1990s E. This remarkable event should happen within the next few years.For the following question, refer to the cartoon shown below: The region or component marked with (A) is: A. Peptidoglycan B. Periplasm C. Porin D. Outer membrane E. Teichoic acid This individual was the first person to see bacteria using a simple microscope: A. Louis Pasteur B. Aristotle C. Robert Koch D. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek E. Albert Jan Kluyver Endospores: A. Represent a dormant cell stage resistant to heat, dessication, and many chemicals. B. Allow cells to float or position themselves in a water table. C. Are formed in conidia that develop in fruiting bodies arising out of a mycelial mass. D. Are made up predominantly of water. E. Function in cellular replication. Which of the following is not considered part of a prokaryotic cell? A. cell wall B. cell membrane C. nuclear membrane D. ribosome E. flagella Evidence for endosymbiosis in the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts does not include - A. the ribosomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to prokaryotic ribosomes B. the structure of internal cilia of mitochondria and chloroplasts is the same as prokaryotes C. the antibiotic sensitivity of the mitochondria and chloroplast ribosomes is similar to prokaryotic ribosomes and different from eukaryotic ribosomes D. phylogeny derived from comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNAs E. the circular form of the mitochodrial and chloroplast genomes is similar to well-described prokaryotic genomesAerobic respiration by yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) results in net production of: A. Pyruvic acid B. Carbon dioxide and ethanol C. Carbon dioxide D. Propionic acid E. Acetic acid A B C D E The pattern of growth you would expect from a microaerophile is shown in which tube? The pattern of growth expected from a facultative aerobe is shown in which tube? Which of the following molecules is an electron carrier that carries both protons and electrons? A. Non-heme iron-sulfur proteins B. Cytochromes C. Carotenoids D. Phycobilins E. Quinones The Adler capillary assay was a way of detecting and quantitating the chemotactic response of bacteria. Adler quantitated the response by A. determining the change in the electric current (resistance) during the experiment B. determining the increase in protein concentration over time C. determining the change in surface tension over time D. determining the change in weight of the capillary over time E. counting the bacteria in the capillary tube over time Living in the presence of oxygen can have
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