MMG301 1st Edition Lecture 34Outline of Last Lecture I. Respiratory diseasesOutline of Current Lecture II. Leprosy III. Bacterial meningitisIV. Legionnares diseaseCurrent LectureLeprosy – also known as Hansen’s Disease• Pathogen is Mycobacterium leprae• Unknown mode of transmission, but recent studies point to the respiratory route, but direct contact also possible• Not considered highly contagious; easily treated with antibiotics• Bacteria invade macrophages associated with peripheral nerves and respiratory tractBacteria eventually produce lesions on the skinDamage to tissues and secondary infections lead to disfigurement• Diagnosis usually by microscopy of tissues stained using Ziehl-Neelsen method; acid-fast stain• Over 230,000 new cases in 2012 – mostly in developing countriesBacterial meningitis – most commonly Neisseria meningitidis (causes meningiococcal disease); but also Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and a few other bacteria• As much as 30% are carriers of N. meningitidis – found in nasopharynx• Airborne microbe attaches to upper respiratory tract and eventually invades bloodstream (= bacteremia)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Symptoms include headache, vomiting, neck pain, leading to coma and death in amatter of hours• About 4,100 cases per year in U.S.; 500 deaths• There are also viral pathogens causing viral meningitis (but disease is less severe), as well as fungal meningitis (extremely rare)Legionnaires’ disease (Legionellosis) - Legionella pneumophila• First outbreak at an American Legion convention in Philadelphia, 1976• An aerobic, Gram-negative rod• A water borne organism, but is inhaled in droplets• Lives as part of a microbial community in water storage tanks, air conditioning systems, soil and aquatic habitats• Inhaled Legionella settles in the
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