page 1 of 7 FORM B MMG 301 Spring 2003 Exam 4 1. A term to describe the disease incidence that occurs simultaneously at very high frequency throughout the world is called: a. compromised b. endemic c. epidemic d. pandemic e. pedantic 2. A phagolysosome is a: a. name for a type of B cell b. name for a type of T cell c. name for a type of C cell d. vacuole secreted by host cells that acts as a filter to entrap a bacterial pathogen e. fusion of a lysosome with a “phagosome” vesicle derived from phagocytosis (engulfment of the infecting bacterium). 3. Which of the following steps is NOT associated with immunological memory? a. Upon initial exposure to a foreign substance, a host’s phagocytes digest the substance into pieces termed antigens. b. These antigens are presented to T cells, and a subset of T cells stimulates a subset of B cells to produce antibodies that bind specifically to the antigen. c. The host uses these antibodies to find, destroy and/or remove the foreign substance from the body. d. Subsequent exposure of the host to this foreign substance (even years later) stimulates production of large quantities of a highly specific protease that rapidly degrades the antigen recognized earlier. e. Repeat exposure to the foreign substance stimulates clonal growth of the B cells and produces a burst of antibodies specific to that substance. 4. What effect does viral infection have on a host eukaryotic cell? a. The cell may lyse as it releases progeny virions. b. The cell may release virions without being lysed, leading to a persistent infection. c. The cell may grow and divide with the infecting virus, so daughter cells also contain the virus. d. The cell may be “transformed” into a tumor cell. e. Each of these possibilities may occur, depending on the type of virus. 5. Herpes type 2 is a virus that infects humans and causes: a. measles b. genital lesions and blisters of the penis, cervix, vulva, and vagina c. a liver disease called hepatitis and characterized by jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain d. AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome e. Viral gastroenteritispage 2 of 7 FORM B MMG 301 Spring 2003 Exam 4 6. Which of the following regions of the gastrointestinal tract has the largest population of bacteria? a. stomach b. ileum c. colon d. duodenum e. jejunum 7. The pathological state in which a large number of bacteria invade the bloodstream is known as ___? a. hemolysin b. bacteremia c. flatus d. siderophore e. nosocomial infection 8. Two types of microorganisms were isolated from emergency room samples. Cultures of these microorganisms were grown, serially diluted, and carefully enumerated. Known numbers of each strain were injected into several mice and the percentage of mice killed by each inoculated combination (microbe type and number) was determined. On the basis of information provided in the figure shown below (strain A = diamonds, strain B = squares), which statement is valid? 0204060801001201 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000# cells injected per mouseAB 9. Which is the correct lineage for a macrophage? a. stem cell → myeloid precursor → mast cell → macrophage b. stem cell → myeloid precursor → monocyte → macrophage c. stem cell → lymphoid precursor → mast cell → macrophage d. stem cell → lymphoid precursor → monocyte → macrophage e. stem cell → moncyte → mast cell → macrophage A. Strain A must produce an exotoxin. B. Strain B has undergone attenuation. C. Both strains produce a leukocidin. D. Strain A is more virulent than strain B.E. Strain A is more invasive than strain Bpage 3 of 7 FORM B MMG 301 Spring 2003 Exam 4 10. The leading cause of “Strep (sore) throat” is: a. Streptococcus mutans b. Streptococcus faecalis c. Streptococcus aureus d. Streptococcus lactis e. Streptococcus pyogenes 11. Which of the following traits is not associated with gnotobiotic animals? a. They have elevated blood serum antibody titers responsible for maintenance of germ-free conditions. b. Their lymphatic tissue is under-developed. c. They have abnormally thin and under-developed intestinal walls. d. They are highly susceptible to infection by pathogens. e. They typically exhibit no dental caries. 12. Which statement is true about botulinum toxin (a substance produced by Clostridium botulinum, associated with inadequately processed canned foods, used in Botox treatment to remove skin wrinkles, and a candidate bioterrorism agent)? a. It causes flaccid paralysis (due to the non-release of acetylcholine) even in the absence of bacterial infection of the host. b. It leads to massive water and electrolyte loss (diarrhea) due to stimulation of adenylate cyclase. c. Interrupts translation by blocking the tRNA from entering the ribosome due to chemical modification of an elongation factor. d. It breaks down the polysaccharide that glues cells together. e. It inactivates macrophages and thus prevents phagocytosis. 13. Viruses causing viral hemorrhagic fever include: a. HIV and Marburg virus b. Smallpox virus and rhinovirus c. Marburg virus and Ebola virus d. West Nile virus and Hanta virus e. Herpes and chickenpox 14. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding smallpox virus? a. The disease caused by this virus infects only humans b. This virus can cause pneumonic plague, bubonic plague, or septicemic plague c. Fatality rates associated with smallpox are about 30% d. The name "smallpox" is derived from the characteristic pustules formed on the skin after infection e. No natural cases of the disease caused by this virus have occurred since before 1980.page 4 of 7 FORM B MMG 301 Spring 2003 Exam 4 15. The April 13, 2003, issue of the Lansing State Journal carried a story reporting that 3.4 million birds in Southern California have been killed by the USDA and the State Department of Public Health since September, 2002. This drastic action was deemed necessary to stop the spread of Newcastle Disease, a deadly avian (bird) disease that threatens the $3 billion/annum poultry industry of that state. According to the terms described in class, this type of epidemiological action can be described as: a. quarantine b. herd immunity c. reservoir control d. vaccination e. zoonoses 16. Which of the following statements about Neisseria gonorrhoeae is false? a. This Gram-positive rod typically grows in chains. b. The cells can infect mucous membranes of the
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