MMG301 1nd Edition Lecture 34Outline of Last Lecture I. Epidemiology Outline of Current Lecture II. Person-person microbial respiratory diseasesCurrent Lecture-Responsible for about ½ of all severe sore throat cases-Untreated cases can lead to sequelae, or a follow-up diseases-Scarlet fever: can result from certain strains of Streptococcus pyogenes that carry a lysogenic bacteriophage (prophage produces an erythrogenic (red, to produce) exotoxin (causes pink-red rash)-Rheumatic fever: a bacterial cell surface antigen resembles normal human surface antigen-Patient’s immune system begins attacking normal tissues such as heart, kidneys, joints (an autoimmune disease)-Invasive infections: Some virulent strains can invade deep tissues:-Exotoxins and “M-protein” of bacterial surface act as a superantigen (elicits a hyper-immune response leading to tissue destruction; 30% fatality rate-Necrotizing fasciitis: “Flesh-eating bacteria”; bacteria do not eat flesh, bacteria produce toxins that cause tissue damage; necrosis means tissue death-Group A strep: most common group; many asymptomatic carriers; strep throat, necrotizing fasciitis, impetigo; typically Streptococcus pyogenes -Group B strep: newborn babies (most commonly sepsis and meningitis), pregnant women, the elderly, and adults with other illnesses These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Name: Streptococcus agalactiae -Most common cause of life-threatening infections in infants-About 25% of women are asymptomatic carriers of Group B strep in vagina-Streptococcus pneumoniae: causes several diseases-Normally lives in the back of the nose and throat, or the upper respiratory tract of healthy individuals-Pneumonia: invasive lung infections-impaired lung function due to infection (bacterial, viral, or fungal)-Vaccine available that prevents about 60 of the 90 known strains-Death occurs in 14% of hospitalized adults with invasive disease-More commonly seen in the elderly-Bacterial meningitis: infection of the fluid that surrounds the spinal cord and thebrain-More severe than the viral meningitis -Symptoms develop in several hours to 1-2 days (nausea, headache, vomiting, discomfort looking into bright
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