Name ___Lauren Sutherland___Chapter 101. What are the similarities and differences between Taylor’s time-motion studies and Mayo’s Hawthorne studies?The similarities and differences between Taylor’s time motion studies and Mayo’s Hawthorne studies is Taylors time motions studies dealt with the time it took to perform a task. While Mayo’s Hawthorne thought people worked better when being studied. 2. How did Mayo’s findings influence scientific management?How Mayo’s finding influenced scientific management is no matter what the physicalconditions were the workers enjoyed the atmosphere of there room and the additional pay they got for more productivity and satisfaction increased substantially. 3. Explain the distinction between that Herzberg called motivators and hygiene factors.The distinctions between that Herzberg called motivators and hygiene factors is Herzberg studied the result of his research study motivators made employees productive and gave them satisfaction. Hygiene factors related to the job environmentif left unattended caused employee dissatisfaction and would not provide long term motivation.4. Briefly describe the managerial attitudes behind Theories X, Y, and Z.Theory X assumes people dislike work and will avoid work, workers must be forced, controlled, directed or threatened with punishment to make them work towards the organization’s goal. Theory Y believes most people like to work, the depth of a person’s commitment to goals depends on the perceived rewards for achieving theming. While Theory Z is a blend of American management style and theory A.5. Explain goal-setting theory.Goal setting theory is the process of setting attainable goals to motivate employees and improve performance. The key to goal setting theory is the goals must be accepted and accompanied by feedback to truly be effective.6. Evaluate expectancy theory. When could expectancy theory apply to your efforts or lack of effort?The expectancy theory is the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome. When the expectancy theory could apply in my efforts or lack of effort is I get paid to do the job.7. Explain the principles of equity theory.The principles of equity theory look’s at how employee’s perceptions of fairness affect their willingness to perform. Employees will try to balance or maintain equity between what they put into the job and what they get out of it, comparing those inputsand outputs to those of others in similar positions.8. What are several steps firms can take to increase internal communications and thus motivation?Some steps firms can take to increase internal communications and thus motivation isreward listening across the organization, train supervisors and managers to listen using effective questioning techniques, make it easy to communicate, and remove barriers to communication.9. What problems may emerge when firms try to implement participative management?A problem that may emerge when firms try to implement participative management isworks may spend more time formulating suggestions than solving the actual problem.10. Why is it important to adjust motivational styles to individual employees? Are there any general principles of motivation that today’s managers should follow?It is important to adjust motivational styles to individual employees because everyoneis different. Some general principles of motivation that todays managers should follow is just acknowledging a job well
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