PSYC 101 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture: Development Continued II. Prenatal DevelopmentA. Critical PeriodsIII. Newborns a.Reflexes b.Social Responsiveness IV. Cognitive Developmenta. Before Piagetb. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Developmenti. Sensorimotor1. Object Permanence ii. Preoperational Stage1. Lack of Conservation2. Egocentrism3. Stuck on Rulesiii. Concrete Operational Stageiv. Formal Operational Stage c. Beyond Piagetd. Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Outline of Current Lecture: Development ContinuedV. Cognitive Development: Piaget ExamplesB. Preoperational Stagea. Stuck on Rules Exampleb. Egocentrism ExampleVI. Social Developmenta. Attachmenti. Body Contact – Harlow’s Monkeysb.Familiarity i.Imprinting – Konrad Lorenzc.Responsive Parenting – Stranger Situationi.Secure Attachmentii.Avoidant Attachmentiii.Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment iv.Developmental Impacts These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Current LectureDevelopment Continued I. Cognitive Development: Piaget Examplesa. Preoperational Stage (2-7):i. Stuck on Rules Example – child is categorizing picture cards. One group has a picture of a red boat; the other group is a picture of blue bunny. First, the instructor has the three-year-old categorize pictures based on shape, regardless of color. Then, when the instructor changes the rules and asks the child to now sort with colors, the child falsely categorizes all cards; stuck on the original rule of shape sorting. ii. Egocentrism Example: Instructor introduces to a three-year-old two different stickers and a “Mean Monkey”. The instructor tells the child, themean monkey will ALWAYS pick the sticker that you tell the monkey you want. Then, the instructor hides the monkey and asks the child which sticker he wants and which sticker he does not want. The child choses one, and the instructor brings back the mean monkey. The monkey asks the child, “Which sticker do you want?” The three-year-old points to the sticker he wants, and the monkey takes that one. The instructor repeats this three more times, and each time the monkey takes the sticker he wants. When the experiment is performed with a four and a half year old, the older child tricks the monkey by lying and pointing to the sticker he did not truly want. The four-year-old child is developing past egocentrism; he understands his thoughts are private, and he can now trick, surprise, and lie. II. Social Development – critical periods for social development early in lifea. Attachmenti. Body Contact – Harlow’s Monkey Experiment1. 50s-60s, Harlow tested attachment with baby monkeys2. He took the babies away from their mothers at birth3. Placed monkeys in environment with a wired “mother” who provided food verses a cloth “mother”4. The baby monkey went to the cloth mother every time5. Conclusively: Physical contact drives the bond between mother and child; release of “bonding hormones” – oxytocin, when in physical contact; ex: hugging, sex 6. Contact must be consistent ii. Familiarity1. Critical Periods 2. Imprinting (Konrad Lorenz) – experimented with geesea. As a geese hatch, Lorenz removes baby from mom, so the birds imprint on him, follow him around, snuggle up to him, etc. b. Did similarly with a ball; baby geese imprinted on a ball iii. Responsive Parenting – secure attachment, avoidant attachment, anxious/ambivalent attachment; Test attachment through stranger situation – mom leaves child playing, stranger enters room, mom returns1. Securely Attached Child: distressed when mom leaves, cries with stranger appearance, happy when mom returns, knew mom was coming back, quickly comforted 2. Avoidant Attached Child: doesn’t get upset when mom leaves, doesn’t care when mom returns 3. Anxious/Ambivalent Attached Child: won’t leave mom’s side, get VERY upset when mom leaves, cries with stranger, continues crying upon mom’s return, doesn’t comfort quickly, angry and confused when mom returnsAttachment is a combination of both genetic/biological characteristics(born anxious) and parenting styles; two way street4. Through Development: Attachment impacts – resilience, competence, self-esteem, leadership skills, social interactions withpeers and romantic relationships a. Ex: Anxious/Ambivalent Attached Children will most likely will be needy and clingy in relationships as
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