PSYC 101 1st Edition Lecture 30 Outline of Last Lecture II. Personality Addendum III. Social Cognitive Perspectivea. Learned Helplessness – Seligman & Maier b. Learned Helplessness c. Self-Efficacy – Bandura d. Reciprocal Determinism Outline of Current Lecture: Psychological Disorders IV. Mental DisorderA. DSM-IV V. Anxiety Disorders a. Generalized Anxiety Disordersb. Panic Disorder c. Phobiasd. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder VI. How Do Anxiety Disorders Develop? a. Learning Perspective b. Biological Perspective VII. Schizophrenia VIII.Causes of Schizophrenia a. Brain Abnormalities b. Geneticsc. Psychological Factors Current Lecture: Psychological Disorders Psychological DisordersA. Alcohol Addiction B. DepressionC. Mental RetardationD. Alzheimer’s Disorder E. Schizophrenia F. Erectile Dysfunction G. Insomnia These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.H. Anorexia NervosaI. Tourette’s J. PhobiasK. KleptomaniaL. Conversion Disorder I. What is a mental disorder?a. DSM-IV (Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition) i. Clinically significant dysfunctionii. Internal sourceiii. Involuntary manifestationII. Anxiety Disorders: distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxietya. Generalized Anxiety Disorder – continually tense and uneasy for no apparent reason b. Panic Disorder – sudden intense dread (Tony Soprano) c. Phobias – irrational avoidance of a specific object or situation (snakes, heights, crowds) d. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder – unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)i. Compulsions reduce anxiety caused by obsessions III. How Do Anxiety Disorders Develop? a. Learning Perspective i. Fear Conditioning ii. Stimulus Generalizationiii. Reinforcement iv. Observational Learningb. Biological Perspective i. Evolution – we are scared of what our ancestors were scared of ii. Genesiii. Physiology – unusually high frontal lobe activity IV. Schizophrenia: disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions a. Positive Symptoms – hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, incoherence, disassociated thoughts, illogically b. Negative Symptoms – toneless voice, expressionless face, rigid posture, blunted affect, apathy, social withdrawal V. Causes of Schizophrenia a. Brain Abnormalities i. Dopamine over activityii. Brain anatomy 1. Low frontal lobe activity, thalamus, shrunken brain tissueiii. Maternal virus during pregnancyb. Genetics - identical twins have a 50% chance of being schizophrenic if their twin isc. Psychological Factors – reaction to
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