PSYC 101 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture: Neural Communications – The Brain II. NeuronsIII. Basic Terminology: Neural Partsa. Neuronb. Dendritec. Cell Bodyd. Axoni. Axon Terminal Buttonsii. White Matteriii. Gray Mattere. Myelin Sheathi. Protectionii. Insulationiii. Processing Speedf. Synapse (Synaptic Gap)g. Receptor h.Action Potentiali.Thresholdj.Depolarizationi.Resting Potential: -75ii.Action Potential: +10k.Refractory Periodl.All-or-Nonem.Hyperpolarization Outline of Current Lecture IV. NeurotransmittersA. DopamineB. Serotonin C. NorepinephrineD. Endorphins V. Nervous System & Braina. Central Nervous Systemb. Peripheral Nervous SystemThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Somatic ii. Autonomic 1. Sympathetic2. Parasympathetic VI. Central Nervous Systema. Spinal Cord b. Braini. Hindbrainii. Midbrainiii. ForebrainVII. Hindbrain Current LectureI. Neurotransmitters: chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps betweenneurons and bind to receptors a. Dopamine – movement, learning, attention, emotion, reward (motivation)i. Ex: drink, eat, sex; awesome, let’s do it again ii. Link to schizophrenia (too much dopamine) and Parkinson’s (too little dopamine)b. Serotonin – mood, hunger, sleep, arousali. Linked to depression ii. Drug altering serotonin: Ecstasy - loving, then crash c. Norepinephrine – fright or flight, arousal and alertness i. Linked to depressionii. Nervousness, butterflies in stomachd. Endorphins – natural opiate, like transmitters linked to pain control and pleasure i. Ex: child birth, runner’s high – endorphins released resulting in a natural highii. Ex: eating spicy foods; mouth literally thinks it is on fire, so releases a natural high iii. Drug altering endorphins: heroine; working along natural neurotransmitters; sometimes, receptors begin enjoying drug more than natural neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters are cleared out of receptors by enzymes that break down neurotransmitters,or uptake, the same signal that binds the neurotransmitter unbinds it immediately.About 50-60 types of neurotransmitters II. Nervous System and Braina. Central Nervous System (Brain & Spinal Cord)b. Peripheral Nervous Systemi. Somatic: sends sensory information to the central nervous system ii. Autonomic: self-regulated actions of internal organs and glands): breathing, blinking, heart beat1. Sympathetic Nervous System (arousing): accelerated heart rate, sweating, dilated pupils, inhibits digestion, stimulates glucose release through the liver, simulates ejaculation in male2. Parasympathetic Nervous System (calming): contracting pupils, slows heart rate, stimulates digestion, stimulates gallbladder, contracts bladder, stimulates erection of sex organs III. Central Nervous Systema. Spinal Cordb. Braini. Hindbrainii. Midbrainiii. ForebrainIV. Hindbraina. Cerebellum (little brain): coordinates voluntary movements, balanceb. Lower Brainstem: automatic survival functions, crossover points for information (movement on right side of the body, controlled by left side of brain; vice versa), leaving and entering the brain (overdose: shut down brainstem) i. Medulla: controls heartbeat and breathingii. Pons (bridge): bridge between cerebellum and brainstem with the rest of the
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