PSYC 101 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture: Neurotransmitters & the Central Nervous SystemII. NeurotransmittersA. DopamineB. Serotonin C. NorepinephrineD. Endorphins III. Nervous System & Braina. Central Nervous Systemb. Peripheral Nervous Systemi. Somatic ii. Autonomic 1. Sympathetic2. Parasympathetic IV. Central Nervous Systema. Spinal Cord b. Braini. Hindbrainii. Midbrainiii. ForebrainV. HindbrainOutline of Current Lecture VI. MidbrainE. Upper Brain StemF. Reticular Formation VII. Forebrain a. Limbic Systemi. Thalamusii. Hypothalamusiii. Hippocampusiv. Amygdalav. Nucleus Accumbensb.Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex)c.Four Lobesi.Frontal Lobe1.Prefrontal CortexThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii.Parietal Lobeiii.Occipital Lobeiv.Temporal LobeVIII.OutputIX. InputX. Hemispheric Specialization Current Lecture: Central Nervous System & the Brain Continued I. Midbraina. Upper Brain Stem: integration and sensory processingb. Reticular Formation: arousal, sleep, pain perception, relay (information from one apart to the other and back forth)i. Ability to inhibit pain and reduce it ii. Damage to the Reticular Formation: persistent vegetation state II. Forebraina. Limbic System:i. Thalamus: sensory relay center (except smell) and integration1. 4 out of 5 senses first synapse in thalamus2. After thalamus, sense is relayed to main place in the braina. Ex: hearing- first thalamus—then temporal lobe3. Ability to inhibit sensory informationa. Ex: Initially hear the clock ticking, then eventually it goes away, and you do not notice it anymore4. Damage to the Thalamus: schizophrenia, having hallucinations5. Drug interacting with Thalamus: LSD ii. Hypothalamus (“Below” the thalamus): maintenance, body temperature regulation, eating, drinking, sexual behavior1. Governs the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (Releases particular & necessary chemicals)iii. Hippocampus: memory process; formation of new memories, not where memories are stored. iv. Amygdala: fear, aggression, emotions; revolutionarily old1. Helps form emotional memories, working together with hippocampus 2. Kicks off fight or flight: happens precautiously, before you are consciously aware! a. Rare disorder with damage to Amygdala: not afraid of anything at all, overly sexual, put things into mouth for explorationv. Nucleus Accumbens: part of dopamine reward system: eat, drink, sex, etc.1. Personal2. Goes with motivation: dopamine releases, connects with prefrontal cortex on planning b. Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex): higher-order control, information processing, reasoning, personality, creativity, intelligence, languagei. 1/10th of an inch thick, size of a pillow case opened upii. Folded up for space, has ridges on topc. Four Lobes:i. Frontal Lobe: motor initiation1. Prefrontal Cortex: attention, planning, sense of self, social life, personality, inhibitory controlii. Parietal Lobe: somatosensory (touch) 1. Where all sensory information comes together for fulltime view ofwhat’s going on in the world around you iii. Occipital Lobe: vision entirely1. 60% of neurons dedicated to perception are dedicated to vision2. Blindness: damage for many reasons, not necessarily occipital lobeiv. Temporal Lobe: hearingd. Output: Motor cortex (Left hemisphere section controls the body’s right side, vice versa)e. Input: Sensory cortex (Left hemisphere receives input from body’s right side)Reality is what your brain tells you reality isSame structure in almost everyone; however, for example, if you play the piano, motor for fingers will be bigger than othersAreas with sensitivity to touch are larger; example: face, lips, and genitalsImportant sections on output and input touch each other for easy communicationEverything above in the brain is bilateral: it occurs on both sides, but not necessarily with functionsIII. Hemispheric Specializationa. Left Hemisphere: Languageb. Right Hemisphere: Spatial reasoning & orientation, facial recognition, reading maps, drawing geometric
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