PSYC 107 1nd EditionExam # 5 Study Guide Lectures 29 – 35Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders How should the line be drawn between normality and disorder?- A disorder must have:- Statistical Rarity- Subjective Distress- Impairment- Societal Disapproval- Biological Dysfunction- Also must usually must be having persistently harmful thoughts or actions- Having one of the criteria does not mean that there is an illnessDisorders over time and cultures.- Disorders can change over cultureso Koroo Bulimia Nervosa- Can be universal over all cultureso Schizophreniao Alcoholismo Depressiono Psychopathic Personality- Disorders can change over timeo Demonic model Evil spirits in the body cause the disorders Ancient treatment in the middle ageso Medical model Mental illness is due to physical problems Popular during Renaissance Treatment examples:- Bloodletting- Snake pits- Asylumso Modern model Approach mental illness with- Dignity - Kindness- Respet DeinstitutionalizationCompare neurosis and psychosis- Neurosis: distress or anxiety without hallucinations or delusionso Came from Freudo Someone who is anxious and scared of everything- Psychosis: losing touch with reality; having hallucinations and delusionso Schizophrenia o More severe than neurosis How and why do clinicians classify psychological disorders?- Biological- Psychological- SocioculturalWhat are anxiety disorders, and how do they differ from ordinary worries and fears?- Characterized by continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, irritability- Often exhibits other anxiety disorders like panic or phobiaWhat are dissociative disorders; why are the controversial?- The consciousness of a person becomes separated from previous thoughts, memories, and feelingso Feels unrealo Feels separate from the bodyWhat are mood disorders; what are their forms?- Defined by as a disturbance in mood or emotion- Two forms:o Depressiono Bipolar- Has extreme sadness and elation on the other endWhat patterns characterize schizophrenia?- Disorganized and delusional thinking- Selective attention failureWhat causes schizophrenia?- Genetics- Brian abnormalitieso Dopamine over activityo Abnormal brain activity and anatomyWhat are the characteristics of a typical personality disorder?- Personality disorder: condition in which personality traits are inflexible when expressed in a wide variety of situations and lead to distress or impairment- Affects the entire life of a person- Categories:o Off, eccentric cluster Paranois Schizotypal Schizoid – don’t want to be around peopleo Dramatic, emotional, erratic cluster Histroironic Narcissistic Antisocial Borderlineo Anxious, fearful Avoidant Depression OCD- Antisocial personality disordero The person does not have a conscience for wrongdoing o Typically maleo 60% of prisonersChapter 15:How do we explain other’s behaviors and our own?- Social psychology: studies how we think about and influence one another- Social thinking: thinking about others, especially when they engage in doing things that are unexpectedDoes what we think affect what we do, or does what we do affect what we think?- Attitudes can affect behavior- Behavior can affect attitudesHow powerful is social influence?- Very strong as long as the whole group agrees, if there is one person who does not agree; social influence is not as strongHow is our behavior affected by the presence of others of by being part of a group?- 33% of people go with a wrong answer if the everyone else in the group picks the wrong answer- If one person picks the right answer, the subject will pick the right answerWhat is group polarization and groupthink?- Group polarization: enhances a groups prevailing attitudes through a discussion- Groupthink: a mode of thinking that occurs with the desire for humanityo One person in a group does not agree with everyone elseo They eventually succumb to peer pressure in order to not be the bad guyWhat is prejudice?- An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members - Usually toward another culture or gender groupWhat are the social and emotional roots of prejudice?- Beliefs- Emotions- Predisposition to act- Implicit racial associations- Unconscious patronization - Social inequity- Social divisions- Emotional scapegoatWhat are the cognitive roots of prejudice?- Categorization- Vivid case- Remembering what is most
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