PSYC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture I Personality II Causes of Personality Differences III Approaches to Personality IV Freud s Theory a Freud s Personality Structure b Freud s Personality Development V Psychoanalytic Perspective VI Hysteria VII Three Agencies VIII Repression Outline of Current Lecture I Freud vs Followers II Assessing Personality Projective Tests III Modern Personality and Mind IV Humanism V Trait Theory VI Myers Briggs Current Lecture I Freud vs Followers a Freud i Personality Is determined be the unconscious mind id ego superego ii Personality is developed through psychosexual stages iii Anxiety iv Defense mechanisms are the distortion or reality to cope with bad events b Neo Freudians i Theories derived from Freud but modified These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute ii Commonalities 1 Emphasizes the unconscious influences on behavior 2 Early experiences are important in shaping personality iii Differences 1 Place less emphasis on sexuality as a driving force of personality 2 More optimistic regarding the prospects for long term personality growth iv Adler 1 Believed in social tensions in childhood 2 A child struggles with an inferiority complex v Horney 1 Her beliefs countered Freud s Penis Envy 2 Believed that social aspects of childhood impacted growth and development vi Jung 1 Collective unconscious 2 Explained why many cultures have the same myths and images a Mother figure b Evil devil hell II Assessing Personality Projective Tests a Projective tests consist of stimuli that the person must interpret i Thematic Apperception Test ii Rorshach Inkblot Test 1 Pair Response The top middle looks like lungs Selfcenteredness 2 Unusual detail response I see a tiny spot like a speck of dust obsessive compulsive disorder 3 Space response that white area looks like an upside down bat rebelliousness or anger 4 Human movement response the side of the blot looks like someone raising their hands impulse control or inhibition 5 Modernly these tests are frowned upon iii Human figure Drawings iv Graphology v Projective tests do not hold any reliability or validity III Modern Personality and Mind a Personality develops through life b Freud underestimated peer influence c Gender identity can develop before the age of 5 or 6 d Dreams are not necessarily dream fulfillment e Verbal slips are not unconscious thoughts f Suppressed sexuality can lead to psychological disorders g Modern unconscious mind i Non consious information processing 1 Schemas 2 Parellel processing 3 Implicit memories 4 Unconsciously revoked memories 5 Unconscious influences of self concept and stereotypes IV Humanism a Developed in the 1960s when psychologists were unhappy with Freud s negativity i Abraham Maslow ii Carl Rogers b Self Actualizing Person i Maslow said that as humans we are motivated by needs that are organized heirarchly 1 The bottom has physiological needs and the goal is to reach our self actualization or full potential ii A self actualized individual has achieved what they were born to do and feel at ease and fulfilled iii Rogers believed in self actualization tendencies 1 Unconditional positive regard attitude of acceptance of others despite failings 2 If people are asked to describe who they are and who they want to be and the two descriptions are the same the individual has a positive self concept iv Positive contributions 1 Impact on counseling education child rearing and management v Criticisms 1 Concepts are vague 2 Can lead to narcissism and selfishness 3 People can be evil V Trait Theory a An individual s unique collection of traits consistent ways of behaving constitutes a personality b Each personality is uniquely made up of multiple traits c Many different traits have been described d Factor analysis can be used to condense these traits into a manageable and useable number i Eysenck suggested two dimensions ii Extraversion introversion iii Emotional stability instability e Big Five i Conscientiousness ii Agreeableness iii Openness to experience iv Extraversion v Emotional stability neuroticism VI Myers Briggs a Popular not useful b Shown to be ineffective at predicting job performance c Most widely used personality inventory d Profile based on i Extraversion introversion ii Sensing intuiting iii Thinking feeling iv Judging perceiving