PSYC 107 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 8Lecture 1 (August 13)Introduction to the ProfessorWhat are Professor Eden’s office hours and where is her office?Her office hours are Monday 2:40 to 3:30, Wednesday 11:00 to 12:30, and Friday by appointment only. Her office is in the Psychology building in room 211.Lecture 2 (August 15)Experimental Hours and Psychology IntroHow many experimental hours are needed for credit for the course? What is psychology? What is a soft science? How does the brain influence behavior?In order to pass the course, 7 experimental hours are needed for the course. This can be done through 7 research articles, 7 hours of experiments, or a combination of the two. A soft science is a science where information is collected, then something is predicted from the data. The brain influences behaviors of a person through chemicals. Lecture 3 (August 17)Psychology Begins to DevelopWhat are the three factors determining the obesity of a person? Who was Aristotle and why was he important? Who was William Wundt and why was he important? Who developed psychology as a science? What is the difference between anecdote and empirical data? What doHumanist Psychologists emphasize and what are they interested in? The three factors affecting the obesity of a person is a biological factor, psychological factor, and a social-cultural factor. Aristotle was one of the first philosophers. He theorized the initial concepts of psychology and pre-1800s, psychology did not exist; the closest there was were philosophers like Aristotle. William Wundt developed the first psychological laboratory in Germany in 1800s. He was the first to use experimental sciences in conjunction with psychology and he studied the atoms of the mind. An anecdote is an observation or experiment mostly based on personal feelings and experiences while an empirically driven experiment is supportedby data. A humanist psychologist emphasizes influences on growth of a person and the need for love and acceptance. They are cognitivists and are interested in mental processes.Lecture 4 (August 22)Basics of PsychologyWhat are three criteria for picking out a pseudoscientific experiment? What is the difference between a scientist and a practitioner? What does APA stand for? What is psychology’s number one theme? What are the three levels of analysis in psychology? What is the difference betweena psychologist and a psychiatrist? What is the difference between a PhD and a PsyD?If a claim is exaggerated, overreliant on anecdotes, and lacks peer reviews, the claim is most likely pseudoscientific. APA stands for American Psychological Association. Psychology’s number one theme is nature vs nurture. Nature vs nurture is are we who we are because we were born this way due to genetics or did we grow to be this way thanks to our environment? The three levels of analysis are: biological, psychological and social-cultural. A psychologist as a PhD and must go through graduate school and internships; however, they do not prescribe drugs, but treat patients with therapy. On the other hand, psychiatrists are medical professionals, or MDs, and they use drugs to treat patients. A PhD has to be obtained through a data driven course while a PsyD is more practice oriented; a PsyD holds less opportunities when it comes to jobs after graduation.Lecture 6 (August 27)Pitfalls of Experiments and the Nervous SystemWhat is the placebo and he experimenter expectancy effect? What is neuroscience and what arethe five receptor sites? One grain of sand is the equivalent of how many neurons? What is neuroplasticity, who does it affect most, and how does it work? Describe how neurons transmit messages. What are the four parts of a neuron? The placebo effect is a positive change in a patient because they believe they are being given medication to fix their problem; the Hawthorne effects is an example of the placebo effect. Experimenter expectancy effect is when the experimenter expects a certain outcome from an experiment, so they only see that result in the data. Neuroscience is the study of the brain and the behavior of a person and how they two concepts are linked together; the nervous system gets its information from the five senses: sight, touch, smell, hearing, and taste. One grain of sand is equal to 100,000 neurons in size. Neuroplasticity is the ability of the brain to adapt to new conditions (learning). Neuroplasticity is most powerful in younger people and it changes the brain to adapt to learning. Neurons transmit messages through chemical and electrical means. Chemical messages are sent neuron to neuron while electrical messages are used for interneuron communication. The four parts of a neuron are: dendrites, axons, myelin sheath, and senax. The dendrites are the receptor sites of chemical messages and the axon sends the chemical messages. The myelin sheath protects the long axons. The senax is the area between the two neurons where chemical messages are sent between neurons. Lecture 7 (August 29)Neurotransmitters and Parts of the Nervous SystemWhat is the difference between an agonist and antagonist neurotransmitter? What are Acetylcholine, Serotonin, and Dopamine linked with? What are the two parts of the nervous system and what type of neurons do they consist of? What does the peripheral nervous system consist of? What are the differences between the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and the endocrine system? What are the four parts of the brain?An agonist neurotransmitter excites the neurotransmitter, the agonist will make the neurotransmitter contract more. An antagonist relaxes or inhibits the neurotransmitter fromreaching its receptor site, so the reaction does not occur. Acetylcholine enables muscle action and enables learning and memory. Serotonin is linked to moods and an undersupply of serotonin causes depression. An undersupply of dopamine results in Parkinson’s disease and an oversupply results in Schizoprenia. The two main parts of the nervous system are the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spine while the peripheral nervous system is the nerves that extend form the spinal cord to the site of the sensory receptor. The peripheral nervous system breaks down to the autonomic system which controls all self-regulated action of internal organs and glands and the somatic system which controls all voluntary movement of skeletal muscles. The