PSYC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 34 Outline of Last Lecture I Social Psychology II Schizoid Personality Disorder III Social Thinking IV Fundamental Attribution Error V Attitudes Predicting Actions VI Actions Predicting Attitudes VII Cognitive Dissonance Outline of Current Lecture I Social Influence II Obedience to Authority III Individual Behavior in a Group IV Deindividuation Current Lecture I Social Influence Conformity Social norms Research Sherif 1930s autokinetic Asch 1955 used lines of different lengths The participants were presented with lines and asked which line is the same length Some participants were in on it and then they would pick the wrong line 33 of people would go along with the wrong answer Factors that contribute to whether people go along with the wrong answer or not If one feels incompetent or insecure The group has to have 3 people The group is unanimous One admires the group status and attravticeness These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute No prior commitment to a response The group observes one behavior One s culture strongly encourages respect for social standard Groups enforce conformity Reasons Normative social influence Influence resulting from a person s desire to gain approval Fads Fashions Informational social influence The group that may provide valuable information Ambiguous or crisis situation Crisis Individual differences Low self esteem Feelings of insecurity Individualist culture has lower conformity Obedience People comply to social pressures How would they respond to an outright command Interested in Nazi Germany and Holocaust Stanley Milgram s study Slight grunt Moderate painful Strong get me out of here I refuse to go on Very strong Pounding on the wall I demand to get out Intense Extreme Intensity No noise from learner Danger severe XXX The teacher gives words to learn if the subject gets the words wrong he is shocked Every 60 volts the level increases every time the word is wrong the voltage increases by 15 volts The teacher must go on until he refuses to go on 66 people went all the way to the end XXX at 435 volts Original Experiment 62 went to full 450 volts There were no gender differences or racial differences Variations Teachers observe learner s agony 40 to the end II III IV Teacher holds learner s hand to shock plate 30 Less prestigious location 48 Second experimenter disagrees 0 Teacher asks another subject to deliver shock 93 What was learned Power of authority is greater than imagined Destructive obedience does not result from sadism People underestimate situational influences Fundamental Attribution Error Modified from Milgram s Stopped at 150 volts Prescreened individual s 40 rejected Experimenter was clinical psychologists Reminded they could stop at any time Results were comparable to Milgram s Obedience to Authority Sweat Lodge Deaths James Ray Self help Financial guru Used a sweat lodge 3 people died Many hospitalized Why did people continue Charismatic leader who told them they must continue They paid 10 000 Individual Behavior in a Group Social facilitation refers to improved performance on tasks in the presence of others Social inhibition reduced performance due to presence of others Presence of others enhances the emission of the most likely response Well learned tasks best performance New or difficult tasks worst performance Social loafing the tendency of an individual in a group exert less effort toward attaining a common goal than when tested individually Classical rope pulling study One person 63 kg of force Group of 3 53 kg person Group of 8 32 kg person Collectivists are less likely to social loaf Deindividuation Engaging in atypical behavior due to feelings or anyonymity and lack of personal responsipility Occurs in Grous Darkness Disguise Costumes Examples Abu Ghraib Iragi prison Crowds Games Concerts Hazing Fraternities Sororities Looting Vandalism Gang rape
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