PSYC 107 1nd EditionLecture 34Outline of Last LectureI. Social Psychology II. Schizoid Personality DisorderIII. Social ThinkingIV. Fundamental Attribution ErrorV. Attitudes Predicting ActionsVI. Actions Predicting AttitudesVII. Cognitive DissonanceOutline of Current LectureI. Social InfluenceII. Obedience to Authority III. Individual Behavior in a GroupIV. Deindividuation Current LectureI. Social Influence-ConformitySocial normsResearch:Sherif (1930s) - autokineticAsch (1955) - used lines of different lengths- The participants were presented with lines and asked which line is the same length,- Some participants were in on it and then they would pick the wrong line- 33% of people would go along with the wrong answer-Factors that contribute to whether people go along with the wrong answer or not:-If one feels incompetent or insecure-The group has to have 3 people-The group is unanimous-One admires the group status and attravticenessThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-No prior commitment to a response-The group observes one behavior-One's culture strongly encourages respect for socialstandard-Groups enforce conformityReasons:Normative social influence-Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval-Fads-Fashions- Informational social influence-The group that may provide valuable informationAmbiguous or crisis situationCrisis Individual differencesLow self esteemFeelings of insecurityIndividualist culture has lower conformity-ObediencePeople comply to social pressuresHow would they respond to an outright commandInterested in Nazi Germany and HolocaustStanley Milgram's studySlight - gruntModerate - painfulStrong - "get me out of here; I refuse to go on"Very strong - Pounding on the wall; "I demand to get out"IntenseExtreme Intensity - No noise from learnerDanger: severeXXXThe teacher gives words to learn; if the subject gets the words wrong he is shockedEvery 60 volts the level increases; every time the word is wrong, the voltage increases by 15 voltsThe teacher must go on until he refuses to go on66 people went all the way to the end (XXX at 435 volts)Original Experiment62% went to full 450 voltsThere were no gender differences or racial differencesVariations:-Teachers observe learner's agony - 40% to the end- Teacher holds learner's hand to shock plate - 30%-Less prestigious location - 48%- Second experimenter disagrees - 0%-Teacher asks another subject to deliver shock - 93%What was learned:Power of authority is greater than imaginedDestructive obedience does not result from sadismPeople underestimate situational influences (Fundamental Attribution Error)Modified from Milgram's-Stopped at 150 volts- Prescreened individual's (40% rejected)-Experimenter was clinical psychologists- Reminded they could stop at any time-Results were comparable to Milgram'sII. Obedience to Authority-Sweat Lodge Deaths-James Ray Self helpFinancial guru-Used a sweat lodge3 people diedMany hospitalized-Why did people continue?Charismatic leader who told them they must continueThey paid $10,000III. Individual Behavior in a Group-Social facilitation: refers to improved performance on tasks in the presence of others-Social inhibition: reduced performance due to presence of others-Presence of others enhances the emission of the most likely responseWell-learned tasks - best performanceNew or difficult tasks - worst performance-Social loafing: the tendency of an individual in a group exert less effort toward attaining a common goal than when tested individuallyClassical rope-pulling studyOne person = 63 kg of forceGroup of 3 = 53 kg/personGroup of 8 = 32 kg/personCollectivists are less likely to social loafIV. Deindividuation-Engaging in atypical behavior due to feelings or anyonymity and lack of personal responsipilityOccurs in;GrousDarknessDisguiseCostumes-Examples;Abu-Ghraib Iragi prisonCrowdsGamesConcertsHazingFraternitiesSororitiesLootingVandalismGang
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