PSYC 107 1nd EditionLecture 35Outline of Last LectureI. Social InfluenceII. Obedience to Authority III. Individual Behavior in a GroupIV. Deindividuation Outline of Current LectureI. Group PolarizationII. Social RelationsIII. AltruismIV. Effects of StereotypingV. Bystander InterventionCurrent LectureI. Group Interaction-Group PolarizationEnhances a group's prevailing attitudes through a discussionCohesivenessRisky shift **read in book**-GroupthinkA mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony Avoiding groupthinkHave a leader wait to voice opinionUsing expert from the "outside"Having a "devil's advocate"II. Social Relations-Social psychology reaches us how we relate to one another:PrejudiceDerived from "prejudgment"A unjusitifiable (usually negative) attitude toward a group and its memebersUsually directed towards different cultural, ethnic, and gender groupsComponents:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Beliefs (Stereotypes)-Emotions (hostility, envy, fear)- Predisposition to actClose-up-Implicit racial associations- Unconscious patronization-Race-influenced perceptions- Seeing black-Reflexive body responsesSocial roots of prejudice- Social inequity increases prejudice-"you get what you deserve" mentality -Makes the world feel like a better place-Social divisions: ingroup and outgroup-Ingroup bias: identities are based on group membership-Us vs them-Team: homogeneous vs heterogeneous-Emotional scapegoat-Scapegoat theory: when people feel bad or insecure, it helps restore their self-esteem by putting down othersCognitive roots of prejudice- Categorization: -Vivid case; only remember what is most vividOvercoming prejudice- Conflict: perceive incompatibility of actions, or ides-Create a goal that the two groups together can complete together-Give them a reason to join together -Jigsaw classrooms- classrooms during when they were first desegregated; used cooperation rather than competition-Cooperation toward a reward over a shared threatIII. Altruism-An unselfish regard for the welfare of others-Factors that influenceSituation influencesVictim characteristicsMoods-Happy people help moreIndividual and gender differencesMenExtravertedMedical workersIV. Effects of stereotyping-Stereotype threat:The fear or apprehension that confirm negative stereotypes about group membershipMembers of stereotyped group sometimes perform more poorly on tests because they are distracted/anxious about whether their performance will congfrim a negative stereotype held about the group's ability V. Bystander Intervention-Kitty GenoveseRaped and killed30 people heardNo one came to help-Deletha Word-It is better to have only one person around to help-If there is a group of people, they will all look around for what to
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