PSYC 107 1nd EditionLecture 19Outline of Last LectureI. Smell and TasteII. PerceptionOutline of Current LectureI. Ways of LearningII. Behaviorism QuizIII. Learning IV. PavlovV. AcquisitionCurrent LectureI. Ways of Learninga. Habituationb. Classical Conditioning (Pavlolv)c. Operant Conditioning (Skinner)d. Classical vs Operant Conditioninge. Learning by ObservationsII. Behaviorism Quiza. Ivan Pavalov was initially interested in the investigation of dog’s digestionb. John Watson, the founder of behaviorism was tossed out of the university for having an affair with one of his graduate students.c. Just through this quiz, you have increased your knowledge and changed your brain structure.III. Learning a. Learning: a relatively permanent change in the organism’s behavior due to past experiences.i. Behaviors = genetic predisposition and learningii. Learning results in a physical change in your brainThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Behaviorists say psychology should be an objective science based on objective behaviorc. Habituationi. Process of responding less to repeated stimuli over timeii. Simplest form of learning is aplysia which is sea slugd. We learn through Associative Learning which can then be broken into smaller sub categoriesi. Associative Learning:1. Learning to associate one stimulus with another ii. Classical Conditioning1. Learning to associate one stimulus with another2. Example; two stimuli: lighting and thunder follows, therefore when we see lighting we anticipate thunder3. Example; Aggie Fight Song, Popcorn4. Tendency to develop connections based between events that occur together5. Common terms UCS, UCR, CS, and CRiii. Operant Conditioning1. Learning to associate one stimulus with a consequence2. How we train animals to perform tricks (they perform a trick, get atreat, then perform the trick again anticipating a treat)3. Examples: rewarding children with stickers, taking TV time away for bad behavior, quizzes to increase attendance4.IV. Pavlova. Studied digestion in dogsb. He learned a meat powder elicited a stimuli that normally would not have a stimulusc. Pavlov coined the terms:i. UCS – unconditioned stimulus, a biological stimulus that produces and automatic responseii. UCR – unconditioned response, an automatic response to a UCS the occurs without learningiii. CS – conditioned stimulus, a stimulus that is neutral, but is then associated with the UCS through conditioningiv. CR – conditioned response, learned responsed. Example, before conditioning, the food (US) produces saliva (UR) while the tone does not (neutral stimulus); eventually the tone (CS) begins to produce saliva (CR).V. Acquisitiona. Initial learning stage in which classical conditioning is associated with a netural stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus takes placei. In most cases, the neutral stimulus needs to come before the UCSii. The time between the two stimuli needs to be about a half second to be ideal.b. Conditioning is strongest with:i. Repeat CS-UCS pairingii. Short time interval between CS and UCSiii. The UCS is intenseiv. Taste aversions only need one
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