PSYC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I What Makes You You II Behavior Genetics III Twins and Adoptions Outline of Current Lecture I Comparisons of Siblings II Separated vs Adopted Twins III Temperament IV Nature vs Nature V Genetic Influence on Psychological Traits VI Evolutionary Psychology VII Who Influences What VIII Cultural Influences Current Lecture I Comparisons of Siblings Sibling Type Percent of Genes Shared Percent of Shared Environment Identical Twins 100 100 Fraternal Twins Same as regular siblings 100 Separated Id Twins 100 0 Separated Fr Twins Same as regular siblings 0 Adopted Children from Different Families 0 100 The above table is used to show the comparison between the percent of genes shared and the percent of the shared environment Trait Percent of Same Trait in Identical Twins Percent of Same Trait in Fraternal Twins These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute II Blood Type 100 66 Mental Retardation 97 37 Alzheimer s 60 30 Same Allergies 55 5 The above tables is used to compare the chances that the different types of twins would have the exact same trait the higher percentages are because the twins share the same genes Separated and Adopted Twins Traits more often influenced by Biological Parents Personality intelligence Abilities Interests fears Brain waves heart rate Personalities of adopted children seem to have personalities much more similar to biological parents than the adopted parents Hints that personality is more genetically based rather than environmentally based Traits more influences by Adopted Parents Attitudes Values Manners Faith Politics III Temperament A person s characteristics emotional activity and intensity Determined from the time the child is born Suggests a genetic linkage 65 of children fall into the following categories Easy 40 of children Difficult 10 cannot handle changes well Slow to warm up 15 IV Identical twins are closer in temperament than fraternal twins Nature vs Nature Some traits are fixed while others change with the environment MOST traits change with environmental experience Fears influenced by scary experiences or parents reactions Nurturing or Aggression also influence traits V Genetic Influence on Psychological Traits VI Psychological Trait Heritability Personality Trait 0 4 0 5 Psychological Interests 0 36 Schizophrenia 0 80 Anxiety Disorders 0 20 0 40 Antisocial Disorder 0 41 0 45 Major Depression 0 40 Religiousness 0 16 for a 16 year old The table shows when something is highly influenced by genes a high number Evolutionary Psychology The study of evolution of behavior and the mind what makes humans alike Uses principles of Darwin s Natural Selection Evolutionary process through which adaptive traits are passed on to new generations Survival of the fittest Mutations which are just genetic errors Traits influenced by natural selection Fats sweets people who liked the taste of sweets were more likely to eat them and have extra fat for lean times Snakes people who avoided snakes because they feared them were less likely to die from snake bites Ex Explanation of human sexuality Gender differences Sexuality is the largest difference between males and females Mating preferences VII Who Influences What Important to know this for the exam the book goes more in depth Parents Early postnatal experiences Early experiences during development in humans show remarkable improvements in music languages and arts Brain Development Throughout our life brain tissue continues to grow and change VIII Peer influence Cultural Influences Culture is composed of behaviors ideas attitudes values and traditions shared by a group Humans have the ability to evolve culture Variations across culture Norms rules accepted and expected behavior Can change between cultures Variations across time
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