PSYC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last LectureI. Pitfalls of Experiments II. PhrenologyIII. NeuroscienceIV. Characteristics of Nervous SystemV. Parts of a NeuronVI. Neural CommunicationOutline of Current LectureI. NeurotransmittersII. Parts of the Nervous SystemIII. Nervous SystemsIV. BrainCurrent LectureI. Neurotransmitterso Acetycholine Enables learning and memory Enables muscle action Can be used in two ways:- Agonist (excite)o Black widow spider ex. o Venom enters the blood streamo Stimulates acetycholineo Causes muscle contractions and convulsions- Antagonist (inhibitor)o Ex. Botulism or BotoxThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Prevents release of acetycholine Botox prevents muscle contractions that create wrinkleso Curare Poison Bocks and inhibits Acetycholine receptors Muscles cannot contracto Seratonin Neurotransmitter Linked to moods/emotions Undersupply causes depressiono Dopamine Undersupply results in Parkinson’s disease Oversupply results in Schizophrenia o Caffeine Antagonist for adenosine- Adenosine is a neurotransmitter- Causes drowsiness by slowing nerve activity Caffeine blocks the adenosine receptor sites and does not allow adenosine to be absorbedII. Parts of the Nervous System- Nervous system: all nerve cells- Central Nervous Systemo Spine and braino Made of interneurons Message is sent from a motor neuron to a motor neuron- Peripheral Nervous Systemo Nerves that branch to the rest of the bodyo Consists of “cables” or axons bunched togethero Sensory Neurons Sent from sensory receptor in eyes, skin, nose, etc Sent to spinal cord or brain Sensory neurons extended from the sensory receptor all the way to the spinal cordo Consists of: Autonomic System- Controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands- Branches into:o Sympathetic o Parasympathetic Somatic- Controls voluntary movement of skeletal musclesIII. Nervous Systems- Sympathetico Arousing system Dilates eyes Increases heart rate Stops digestion Stimulates glucose Stimulates epinephrine Relaxes bladder Stimulates ejaculationo An anxious person would have a highly active sympathetic systemo “Flight or Fight”- Parasympathetico Calming system Contracts pupils Slows heartbeat Contracts bladder Stimulates gallbladder and digestion Allows blood to flow to sex organo Associated with rest and digestion- Endocrineo The “slow chemical system”o Uses hormones to relay messages Hypothalamus tells the Pituitary Gland that something is wrong The Pituitary says what hormones need to be secretedIV. Brain- Brainstem: responsible for automatic survival functions (functions that occur without conscious awareness)- Nerves crossover (the right side of the body is controlled by the left side of the brain)- Structure of the braino Medulla Controls heartbeat Controls breathingo Thalamus Brain’s sensory switchboard Sorts out information, then relays to the appropriate part of the braino Reticular formation Controls arousal Controls the sleep-wake cycle Link to ADHD- The reticular formation is not acting properly- Will not filter out the unnecessary informationo Cerebellum Controls balance and coordination- Studying the brain:o Lesions mean damage to the braino Clinical observation: brain damaged by an individual’s behavior is
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