PSYC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last LectureI. Pseudoscientific WarningsII. Associations and SocietiesIII. Nature vs. NurtureIV. Three Levels of AnalysisV. Psychology vs. Psychiatry/Work SettingsOutline of Current LectureI. Pitfalls of Experiments II. PhrenologyIII. NeuroscienceIV. Characteristics of Nervous SystemV. Parts of a NeuronVI. Neural CommunicationCurrent LectureI. Pitfalls of Experiments o Placebo Effect Positive change in the patient because they think they are being given medication to fix their problem Hawthorne Effect is another example of the Placebo Effect; the patient’s condition improves because the patient is participating in an experiment o Experimenter Expectancy Effect The experimenter expects a certain outcome so that is the only outcome that they see in the experiment To compensate, experimenters use a double-blind design- Both subject and the experimenter are “blind.”- This eliminates the biasII. Phrenology- One of the first methods of studying the brainThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Bumps were felt on the head to determine how the brain workedIII. Neuroscience- Study of brain and behavior, how they are linked- Uses the 5 senses- Sexuality, memories, and associations influence the brainIV. Characteristics of Nervous System- One grain of sand = 100,000 neurons- Integration of neurons (one neuron is connected to up to 10,000 other neurons)- Very adaptableo Neuroplasticityo Brain is malleable and adaptableo The younger someone is the more adaptable their brain iso Brain can change because of experiences in life- Nervous system uses electrochemical communication which is the communication of neurons through electrical and chemical means- Nervous system is made of neuronso Neurons do not touch, communicate through electrical and chemical signalsV. Parts of a Neurons- Dendrite: tendrils around the cell body that receives information from other neurons- Axon terminals: tendrils extending on the opposite end of the neuron, sends information to other cells using chemicals- Myelin sheath: protects the axon- Senax is the area between the two neurons where chemical signals are sent throughVI. Neural Communication- Chemical signals: one neuron to another neurono Called neurotransmitterso Released by axons and absorbed by dendriteso Reuptake: the chemicals that the axon released will be reabsorbed back into the axon if there is not room at the receiving dendriteso Neurotransmitters fit like a lock in a key to the dendrite- Electrical signals: within the neuron itselfo Action potential: wave of electrical charge that travels down the axono Neural impulse: generating a message electricallyo Neurons receive information telling other neurons to excite or calm downo Intensity of all action potentials are the same; therefore, the strength of the stimulus (ex. Stepping on a tack) depends on the number and frequency of the action potentials.o Resting potential: resting
View Full Document
Unlocking...