PSYC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I Pseudoscientific Warnings II Associations and Societies III Nature vs Nurture IV Three Levels of Analysis V Psychology vs Psychiatry Work Settings Outline of Current Lecture I Pitfalls of Experiments II Phrenology III Neuroscience IV Characteristics of Nervous System V Parts of a Neuron VI Neural Communication Current Lecture I Pitfalls of Experiments o Placebo Effect Positive change in the patient because they think they are being given medication to fix their problem Hawthorne Effect is another example of the Placebo Effect the patient s condition improves because the patient is participating in an experiment o Experimenter Expectancy Effect II The experimenter expects a certain outcome so that is the only outcome that they see in the experiment To compensate experimenters use a double blind design Both subject and the experimenter are blind This eliminates the bias Phrenology One of the first methods of studying the brain These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III IV Bumps were felt on the head to determine how the brain worked Neuroscience Study of brain and behavior how they are linked Uses the 5 senses Sexuality memories and associations influence the brain Characteristics of Nervous System One grain of sand 100 000 neurons Integration of neurons one neuron is connected to up to 10 000 other neurons Very adaptable o Neuroplasticity o Brain is malleable and adaptable o The younger someone is the more adaptable their brain is o Brain can change because of experiences in life Nervous system uses electrochemical communication which is the communication of neurons through electrical and chemical means Nervous system is made of neurons o Neurons do not touch communicate through electrical and chemical signals V VI Parts of a Neurons Dendrite tendrils around the cell body that receives information from other neurons Axon terminals tendrils extending on the opposite end of the neuron sends information to other cells using chemicals Myelin sheath protects the axon Senax is the area between the two neurons where chemical signals are sent through Neural Communication Chemical signals one neuron to another neuron o Called neurotransmitters o Released by axons and absorbed by dendrites o Reuptake the chemicals that the axon released will be reabsorbed back into the axon if there is not room at the receiving dendrites o Neurotransmitters fit like a lock in a key to the dendrite Electrical signals within the neuron itself o Action potential wave of electrical charge that travels down the axon o Neural impulse generating a message electrically o Neurons receive information telling other neurons to excite or calm down o Intensity of all action potentials are the same therefore the strength of the stimulus ex Stepping on a tack depends on the number and frequency of the action potentials o Resting potential resting neuron
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