BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment L6 GRQs Energy and Enzymes and Cellular Respiration Reading Objectives Differentiate between kinetic and potential energy and classify chemical and thermal energy as either kinetic or potential energy Identify how the different types of energy relate to cellular respiration and photosynthesis continue to relate these topics in Lessons 7 and 8 Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy reactions Explain the relationship between ATP and ADP Explain the purpose of aerobic respiration and name the inputs and outputs Describe the significance of coenzymes such as NAD in aerobic respiration Modules 5 10 12 Cells transform energy and matter as they perform work Chemical reactions either release or store energy ATP dirves cellular work by coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions 1 The two basic forms of energy are a kinetic b potential 2 Match each example below to one of these two forms you listed above kinetic The spinning movement of a protein as protons move through its channels potential The energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose kinetic The release of heat from your body when you exercise potential The sunlight that powers photosynthesis 3 Energy in the universe can be transferred or transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed 4 If energy is conserved by being transferred or transformed why is it that a living organism cannot fully recycle to use again the energy it produces It turns out that during every transfer or transformation some energy becomes unavailable to do work it is converted to thermal energy random molecular motion and released as heat Scientists use a quantity called entropy as a measure of disorder or randomness The more randomly arranged a collection of matter is the greater its entropy According to the second law of thermodynamics every energy conversion increases the entropy disorder of the universe 5 How is burning fuel in your car or burning wood similar to how your body uses fuel How is it different Automobile engines and cells use the same basic process to make the chemical energy of their fuel available for work The engine mixes oxygen with gasoline in an explosive chemical reaction that pushes the pistons which eventually move the wheels The waste products emitted from the exhaust pipe are mostly carbon dioxide and water energy poor simple molecules Only about 25 of the energy stored in gasoline is converted to the kinetic energy of the car s movement the rest is lost as heat 1 BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment 6 Apply what you learned from the analogy with burning wood to describe cellular respiration in your own words some energy gets wasted into thermal so we can not recycle all of it 7 Describe energy coupling in your own words Link to the terms endergonic and exergonic in your answer Exergonic releases energy outwards Endergonic reactions require a net input of energy and yield products that are rich in potential energy endergonic means energy inward energy is consumed Endergonic reactions require a net input of energy and yield products that are rich in potential energy endergonic means energy inward 8 How is ATP made in cells Make sure to describe what substrates are needed and whether the reaction is endergonic or exergonic It often does so by transferring a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule This phosphate transfer is called phosphorylation and cellular work often depends on ATP energizing molecules by phosphorylating them 9 How is ATP used in cells for energy coupling Make sure to describe whether the reaction that uses ATP is endergonic or exergonic ATP transfers a phosphate group to the reacting molecule of the endergonic reaction 10 How does phosphorylation using ATP lead to cellular work What are types of cellular work Work is done from the transfer of the phosphate molecule Examples of Work Chemical Mechanical and Transport Chapter 6 Overview of Respiration Consult Chapter 5 10 16 as needed Modules 6 1 6 3 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide energy for life Breathing supplies O2 for use in cellular respiration and removes CO2 Cellular respiration banks energy in ATP molecules 1 How does matter cycle through an ecosystem as shown in Figure 6 1 Matter cycles between consumers producers and decomposers 2 What is different about how energy cycles 2 BIOL 101 Guided Reading Questions GRQs Complete and submit this GRQ as a PDF before lecture and before your online Mastering Assignment Energy flows directionally through Earth s ecosystems typically entering in the form of sunlight and exiting in the form of heat However the chemical components that make up living organisms are different they get recycled 3 What organisms can perform cellular respiration Did any surprise you plants animals fungi and protists animals 4 Which energy transformation is unique to photosynthesis Which ones are shared between photosynthesis and cellular respiration Consider transformations between chemical thermal and light energy for your answer conversion of light energy into chemical energy the conversion of chemical energy into thermal energy This occurs during both the light dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis as well as during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle of cellular respiration The conversion of thermal energy into chemical energy This occurs during the synthesis of ATP in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration 5 Only 34 of the energy in glucose is captured in cellular respiration What happens to much of the energy originally stored in glucose Consider your answer in light of 4 above it is lost as heat 6 Fill out the table to compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration Photosynthesis List the reactants Are these energy rich or energy poor water and carbon dioxide List the products Are these energy rich or energy poor oxygen and glucose Cellular respiration oxygen and glucose water and carbon dioxide 7 Write out the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis and cellular respiration below Photosynthesis 6CO2 6H2O sunlight C6H12O6 6O2 Cellular respiration C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP 8 Do photosynthesis and cellular respiration happen in living cells as a one step chemical reaction as represented in the overall chemical
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