Guided Reading Q’s (GRQs) - Chapter 1Exploring Life and the Process of Science1. A.)How would you know if something was alive? (Why is a rock not alive?) What are thecharacteristics that define all life?Something is alive based on what we recognize living things do. Characteristics such as; orderreproduction, growth and development, response to the environment, energy processing, regulation,and evolutionary adaptation.B.)What is the smallest unit of life? A cell2. A.)Arrange these words in a correct order:Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle,moleculeB.)Consider the individual properties and uses for a bucket, a piece of rope, or a wheel. Whathappens when you put them together in a system, does a larger function emerge? Each individual purpose for a bucket, a piece of rope, and a wheel are all different and can be useddifferently. But if you put them all together to work with each other, a system can be formed and theycan function as one to do something.C.)Similarly, individual tissues can have specific functions, but when put together with othertissue types in certain configurations in organs, new functions arise. This concept is known inbiology as __________ _________.Emergent Properties3. A.)Review the terms below and define any you need to brush up on:Quantitative Data:Generally numerical measurements that can be organized into tables and graphs and analyzed withstatisticsQualitative Data:Often in the form of recorded descriptions. ObservationsHypothesis:A proposed explanation for a set of observations, and leads to predictions that can be testedExperiment: A scientific test carried out under controlled conditions4. A.)How do we prove a hypothesis is true?We cannot prove that a hypothesis is true1B.)How is a theory different from a hypothesis? A theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis. It is supported by a large and usually growingbody of evidence5. A.)How is science different from other ways of describing and explaining nature, such asphilosophy and religion? “The scientific view of the world is based on… (Fill in rest of thisstatement from section 1.4)The scientific view of the world is based on hypothesis testing and verifiable evidence6. What is the main requirement for a scientific hypothesis? It must generate predictions that can be tested by experiments or gathering further observations7. A.)Module 1.5 shows us the process of science with a controlled experiment. What hypothesis isbeing tested in this experiment?Such color patterns have evolved as adaptations that protect animals frompredationB.)Define these terms:Independent variableThe factor that is manipulated by the researchersDependent variableThe measure used to judge the outcome of the experimentControlled experimentOne in which an experimental group is compared with a control groupC.)In an ideal controlled experiment, what differs between the control and experimental group?These 2 groups usually differ only in the one variable the experiments is designed to test 8.A.)What was the “if…. then” prediction statement made by the scientists about the beachmouse?If camouflage coloration protects mice from predators, then mice that matched their environmentwould be preyed on less frequently than mice with coloration that did not match their habitatB.)Describe the control group:Mice with coloration that matched their habitatC.)Describe the experimental group:Mice that had non-native colorationD.)Describe the results and conclusion:2Results; the non-camouflaged models had a much higher percentage of predationattacks in both habitats. The conclusion; the camouflage hypothesis wassupported, coloration that matches the environment protects animals frompredation.9.Identify the independent and the dependent variables in this beach mouse experiment.Independent; the color of the miceDependent; the habitats of the mice10. True or False? (Explain)A controlled experiment must take place in a laboratory environment.False: just because it is not done in a lab doesn’t mean that it is not a controlled experiment, becauseyou can have an experiment like this mice one that is done out in nature. When it is not done in a lab itis considered to be a field study.11.A.)We’ll be looking at experiments in humans throughout the semester too, so let’s define someterms associated with human studies:- clinical trials:Controlled experiments involving humans. Ex: tests of new medications- random assignment: Subjects are usually randomly assigned to control and experimental group- double-blind trial: Neither the researchers nor the subjects know who is in which group- placebo:A treatment (such as a sugar pill) that doesn’t contain the substance beingstudied- retrospective observational study:Researchers may interview people, use medical records, or examine deathcertificates in the attempt to identify factors that led to a specific outcome- prospective observational study: Researchers enter the picture at the beginning, enrolling a group of participants,called a cohort, and then collecting data from them over a period of timeB.)What are the limitations of observational studies?A correlation between a factor and an outcome does not necessarily mean thatthe factor caused the outcome12.Module 1.6 details how hypotheses can be tested even if a controlled experiment cannot beperformed. Explain how observational data led to classification of the red panda:Even though the red panda might have reminded some of a house cat, observations from scientistshave allowed them to categorize the red panda the way that they have. They made observations of3physical characteristics such as how it looks like a raccoon, and has a false thumb like a giant panda.Not only because of physical similarities, but scientists observed the habitat of the red panda and thediet to be the same as the giant panda and placed those two into the same family. And since there isevidence stating that the giant panda is a part of the bear family, it was proposed that the red panda beplaces in that family as well13.Figure 1.4 might give you the impression that there is a linear, recipe to follow for science. Infact, most scientific studies are non-linear and require repetition and collaboration. Draw Figure 1.7 below
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