Failure Analysis Approach analyze mental illness by looking at what went wrong Statistical rarity subjective distress impairment societal disapproval biological dysfunction Mental Disorder Complex and unique to an individual Criteria Concerns Misconceptions DSM Diagnosis is pigeonholing Diagnosis is unreliable Diagnosis is invalid Diagnosis Stigmatizes people Prevalence of disorder in population 1st rule out physical issues Criteria and Decision rules for diagnosis Bio Psycho Social Doesn t cover all diagnosis Some rules are subjective High comorbidity the simultaneous presence of two chronic diseases or conditions in a Explanations Learning Thinking catastrophic thinking the worst will happen Sensitivity fear of anxiety symptoms Genetics patient anxiety and depression Categorical Vulnerable to politics Anxiety Disorders GAD Panic 60 of the day worrying Irritability sleep problems difficulty concentrating 3 population Females and white Re current panic attacks Situational or out of the blue Fear of object situation Agoraphobia Fear of being somewhere in which you cant escape a panic attack or cant get help Specific Fear of object out of proportion to the actual threat Social Anxiety phobia Fear of public appearance or embarrassment humiliation Experience or witness violence natural disaster sexual assult Flashback avoid reminders Increased physical arousal Phobias PTSD OCD MDD Bipolar Depression Obsessions and or Compulsions Consume 1 or more hours per day Mood Disorders Long lasting mood extremes Most common Often recurrent 5 6 episodes in life Episode 6month to 1yr Functional impairment Depression and Manic Episodes Manic increased mood energy ego talkativeness irresponsible extraordinary beliefs Sadness Hopelessness lack of motivation enjoyment sleep disturbances Causes Life events Interpersonal Model social disorder excessive need for reassurance Behavioral Model loss of positive reinforcement giving up Cognitive Model depression encouraged by negative thoughts Learned Helplessness feel helpless when can t control events Internal vs External EX dog being held down Biology neuro transmittors Personality Disorders High Comorbidity w other disorders 1st appear in adolescence Personality leads to stress impairment Borderline Personality disorder Mainly females Unstable mood lack impulse control unstable identity self destrictive self mutilation drugs sex eating Manipulation threatening suicide Cause abondement childhood development people good and bad not grey emotional cascades Psychopathic Charm manipulation self centered dishonest risky Anti social irresbonsible or illegal social behavior Not in DSM Males Non violent usually not psychotic reality distortion 25 prisoners have it Positions of power allows people to be ruthless to get ahead Causes fear deficit don t learn form fear under aroused looking for stimulus Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Identity multiple personality disorder 2 or more personality traits alters Posttraumatic abuse compartmentalize personalities Sociocognitive Therapy brings out changes in personality Depersonalization Disorder detached from reality common disorder if happens often Dissociative Amnesia inability to recall personal info after stressful events Dissociative Fugue very rare unexpected travel causes amnesia Schizophrenia Disturbed thinking emotion perception behavior Most severe leats common 50 in institutions Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized Speech Social withdrawl Causes Brain Differences Neurotransmittors Genetics Vulnerability Diathesis Precursers Vulnerability Stress Outcome
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