Personality your characteristic pattern of thinking feeling acting Freud The father of the psychodynamic perspective Psychoanalysis Used free association Laying on a couch and talking wouldn t be fixed in 5 10 sessions more like 5 10 years Became fascinated by a disorder called hysteria More of his patients were women a significant percentage of them were women it was something about having a uterus that caused it Through interaction with his patients he developed personality theory Subsystems of personality Id when you are born the only thing you have is Id Id is irrational it is driven by what it wants and it wants it immediately Libido sexual energy Pleasure principle Id and the external reality Ego thinks about things rationally emerges from ages 1 3 mediates between the Reality principle the ability to wait and be patient Superego conscience emerges between the ages of 3 6 its made up of an ideal towards which we work and a list of do no do that Defense mechanism Repression you push the threatening thought out of your conscious awareness into your unconscious mind It leaks back in dreams Comes with stress and anxiety Ex If you loose a sibling grieving grieving grieving yet you need to push through Things that we all do cannot be done purposefully Displacement unacceptable thoughts and feelings find new outlets Ex Being angry with one person but taking it out on someone else Reaction Formation a reversal unacceptable thoughts feelings are reversed Ex Hate becomes love or love becomes hate something you are afraid of is something you are drawn to Rationalization unacceptable thoughts and feelings are reinterpreted Ex Graduate from bing have lots of job offers the one you want is in Chicago you go for an interview and nail it you love it there weeks later they call and say that you didnt get the job so you rationalize it by saying it was a stupid job anyway Projection your unacceptable thoughts and feelings are put on another person Ex One person has a crush on another they cant take their eyes on me Regression when the ego is threatened you go back to and earlier age in your life Ex A 14 year old is being teased they start wetting the bed at night Denial something feels threatening it never happened Woman is in her house neighbor calls hey I saw your husband at a restaurant with another woman woman says oh its his cousin yea she s in town Sublimation unacceptable thoughts and feelings find new acceptable outlooks Ex The guy in the texas chainsaw massacre guy became a surgeon Can be direct but it is mostly indirect Stages of psychosexual development Oral birth 1 year Sucking on things biting things eating things It is possible to be orally fixated and still put things in their mouth as an adult Anal 1 3 years Pleasure is obtained through obtaining or eliminating waste Potty training Libido is in the anus and rectum Training can be too harsh or too early you can become fixated and develop an anal personality or anal retentive People that had it too lenient or too late become anal explosive they tend to be messy or hoard things Phallic 3 6 can have fixation during this period over or under indulgence results in fixation kids develop a complex have difficulty forming relationships with other people bc of their infatuation with mom dad libido is in the genitals Oedipus Conflict Castration Anxiety little boys are attracted to their mothers and they fear that their father will find out and castrate them Eventually they suppress their attraction and begin to identify with their dad Superego fuels this Electra Conflict Penis Envy little girls are attracted to their dad and they are envious of their dads penis they are angry at their mom for sending them into the world so ill equipped Eventually they suppress their desire for their dad and begin to identify with their mom Latency 6 puberty a person who is fixated during this period are withdrawn Ego and superego mature during this period Genital post puberty Attractions are toward appropriate partners not their parents Unconscious Conflict Intrusions into conscious awareness Slips of the tongue this is my father in law mr roark but you say dork Errors of memory someone asks you to mail a letter and you keep forgetting to do Day Residue most dreams are day residue not every dream meant something Wish Fulfillment it Manifest Content obvious meaning Latent Content hidden meaning Evaluating Freud Criticism of Freud consider him in historical context it was victorian time everyone thing was so sexually repressed His concepts are vague and difficult to test So much emphasis on conflict So much emphasis on sex The theory of child development is based on retrospective accounts The Seduction Theory His final draft a kid was sexually seduced by an adult some hint that something might have been going on with Freud s sister and father Freud chickened out and revised the theory to be a fantasy not reality Approaches to personality Biological if were shy or outgoing it has something to do with the structure of our brain our neurotransmitters and our endocrine systems DRD4 a study relating this to infidelity All aspects of our personality have a biological contribution Learning Theory your personality is a result of your history of reinforcement and punishment particularly when you are young Cognitive Social Learning we are social we learn in the context of others but we also think about what is going on and we construct ourselves from those interactions Psychodynamic Freud Eysenck Eysenck Extroversion Introversion Emotional Stability Instability The Big Five Emotional stability Extraversion Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness Erikson vs Freud Erikson parents were important but as you develop teachers religious leaders and political figures become more important The lifespan is important development continues from the time you are born until the day you die Placed more emphasis on the ego Placed more emphasis on the wider culture Was a life span theorist Erikson Trust vs mistrust psychosocial depending on what goes on in the environment it will be resolved positively or negatively A baby is a ball of need if the parents are responsive the baby will develop trust If they are neglectful the baby will develop mistrust Autonomy vs Shame Doubt potty training is going on If the parents praise the kids they will develop autonomy if they are shamed I cant believe you had an accident in you big boy underwear Initiative vs Guilt preschool The stage where
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