Discrete contrast continuous Emotions Theory Set units catagories we all have Lacks flexibility for interpretation Biological functions Universal across all cultures Emotional reactions to situation come before your thoughts about them Limbic system emotions Primary emotions Happiness Sadness Surprise Anger Disgust Fear Contempt Secondary emotions 7 primary can combine in complex ways Cognitive Theories of Emotion Think 1st feel later Perspective of situation defines emotion More flexible James Lange Theory CTE Cannon Bard Theory CTE Emotion provoking event leads to bodily and emotional response Ex sight of bear triggers both fear and running Sense stimulate emotion bio and emotion Two Factor Theory CTE Emotion comes from two distinct psych events Fator 1 unidentified arousal Factor 2 explanation for fear EX stable and unstable bridge more likely to call if on unstable bridge Nonverbal expression Facial expression Nonverbal leakage unconscious say one thing do another on accident Ex slam door Body Language and Gestures Stimuli 1st then decide what emotion is Ex See a bear we are afraid bc we ran away Sensory stimulus bear Stimulates sight Emotion and bio response sweat run Emotion fear Illustrators accentuate speech Ex hand arm pointing Manipulators body strokes another body part Ex hair twirl biting nails Emblems emotional meaning Ex waving nodding middle finger Personal space proxemics Public 12 feet or more Social 4 12 feet Personal 1 5 4 feet Intimate 0 1 5 feet Women middle east latin familiarity stand closer Asia stand further less affectionate Lying Little or no correlation between people s confidence in their ability to detect lies and their accuracy Polygraph assumption Pinocchio response stimuli has to do with lie Yields high false positive thinks it s a lie when its not Signal detection theory Noise to something ratio Cant use in court Situations provide diff attitudes Money only makes happy until 50k Happiness only declines afer 80 West coast same happy as others Hedonic treadmill good and bad events temporatily affect happiness but always come back to Happiness Psych physical benefits Broaden and Build Happy open mind see big pic Misconceptions baseline happy Happy Friends Marriage Graduating college Giving Religious Exercise Positive Psych Being in flow immersed in a good book Emphasize strength over weakness Not all agree Dfensive pesimission expect the worst hope for the best motivates to study Motivation No to motivational speakers no long term help Food and sex Drive Reduction Drives motivate to minimize bad feelings Hunger thirst sex drive Maintain homeostasis Thirst more drive than others bc only survive days w o water Level of Arousal Easy task high level arousal Good to have arousal to a specific point Difficult task low level of arousal Stimulus hunger drive for stimulus satisified by fidgeting and fantasizing Yerkes Dodson law arousal vs performance Low level arousal ow performance Increase arousal to a certain point performance will get better When over aroused too much going on performance will go down again Conflicting Drives Approach predisposition toward stimuli like food Avoidance diposition against stimuli like scary animal Approach approach Two good things which is better Avoidance avoidance Two bad things lesser of two evils Approach avoidance A situation with good and bad aspects does good outweigh bad Double approach avoidance Multiple options with good bad aspects Ex see ex at party avoid or stay and have fun approach avoid Double is many situations with many aspects other is one situation with many aspects Incentive Theories Motivated my positive goals not just decrease negatives Instrinsic DO it because you enjoy it Extrinsic Do bc u get somehting Ex read a book for fun then in class you get rewarded for reading stop reading at home I to E Eating Behavior Lateral Hypothalamus Start eating Ventromedial Hypo Stop eating Start up ladder shut off vent Obesity Leptin hormone reduces appetite More serotonin from food than average Genes Unit Bias Soup Experiment keep eating until 1 bowl is finished External cues Time of day not based on hunger Seeing others eat not based on hunger Portion distortion America Eating disorder Bulimia Most common Bing eating and purging More female Not super thin Anorexia less common Excessive weight loss perceive overweight Emaciation Attraction Physical Love Stimulate interest or excitement Proximity being around someone increase attraction Similarity hobbies education no opposites attract Reciprocity give back what is put in Hip to Waist Ratio Average symmetry Familarity Less mutations good mate Passionate powerful overwhelming longing Companionate deep friendship fondness commitment nopassion infatuation only passion romantic relationship Passion intmacy commitment Same Sex 450 species exhibit Twin studies genetic factors Exotic vs Erotic gender noncomformity outcasted socially if femine boy or masculine girl so the same sexx that you are becomes exotic to you and therefore attractive Hormones bilogical Brain differences larger corpus sollosum in homo Sexual orientation compex interaction of genetic biological social cultural factors
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