Psychology 111 Exam 2 Study Guide 1 Alicia is talking on her cell phone to her friend Maya If Maya is in a crowded subway terminal Alicia finds that she has to nearly shout for Maya to be able to hear her However when Maya is in a meadow on her grandparent s farm she can easily tell what Alicia is watching on TV as they talk This is one illustration of Answer Signal to Noise ratio 2 When Bill look at the lamp alternately with his left eye and right eye the image seems to jump from one position to another This phenomenon illustrates Answer Binocular Display Answer Syntax 3 Pekka who is learning English said Kissed John the girl violating the English rules of 4 After learning about the different kinds of memory Jerome sat down and thought long and hard about how this would apply to his favorite activity golf Jerome concludes that remembering the rules of golf would be considered memory knowing how to swing a golf club would be considered memory and remembering the first time his father took him golfing would be memory Answer Semantic Procedural Episodic 5 Glen and Megan are hired to rake leaves Glen is paid 1 00 for each bag of leaves he rakes Megan is paid 4 per hour Glen is paid according to a schedule Megan is paid according to a schedule Answer Fixed ratio fixed interval 6 Which of the following best illustrates the concept of perceptual constancy Answer As a shadow passes over your newspaper you know that the page is not getting darker 7 Shay is a fourth grade teacher She gets very upset when her students talk while she is trying to teach She decides to tell her students that every time they talk while she is talking she is going to take away their recess for the day Shay is using Answer Negative Punishment 8 Eric recently moved to an apartment near a train station He hears trains go by frequently At first he became startled whenever a train went by but after a while he barely noticed it This is an example of Answer Habituation 9 Alex meets a cute girl at a concert and after chatting with her all night they exchange numbers But Alex got a new phone number and can t remember his new number because his old phone number keeps popping into his head This is Answer Proactive Interference 10 Marshall is trying to memorize the code he needs to access the results of his bar exam DRHEASOK He links each letter to a word and puts them in the sentence Dogs Running Home While Eating Apples and Singing Off Key This memory technique is Answer Mnemonics Answer Echoic Memory 11 Ralph is watching TV when his Mom tells him to clean his room The sound of Ralph s Mom s voice stays in his memory buffer so he can comprehend it 5 seconds later when his TV show goes to commercial The memory buffer Ralph used is also called 12 Jing was afraid of Moths In order to treat her fear her therapist trained her to think happy thoughts in order to relax whenever she is around moths This therapy was successful and now whenever Jing sees a moth she feels very relaxed In this therapy the CS is USC is CR is Answer moths happy thoughts relaxation 13 Your psych 100 instructor gives any students who answers a question in class a piece of candy You notice that as the semester goes on students start answering questions more often Your instructor is using conditioning by giving students reinforces Answer operant positive Answer Transduced hair cells 14 Klaus is enjoying a violin concert He knows that his perception of the lovely music is a result of the process of sound waves being by 15 Sarah is trying to solve a math problem which asks how long it takes to get from NY to LA She searches for other problems that discuss NY to use as an example of how to solve this problem What is interfering with her ability to solve this problem Answer surface similarities 16 The hippocampus is thought to play an important role in Answer the encoding and formation of new memories 17 Jane s heart always beats fast when she sees her boyfriend Jake When Jake visits Jane s dorm room he always knocks three times before entering the room so Jane s heart beats fast when she hears the three knocks Now whenever she hears three knocks her heart jumps with excitement The knock is an for Jane Answer Conditioned Stimulus 18 You are fishing with your best friend In five minutes you catch your first fish But after that it takes you thirty minutes to catch the next one What schedule of reinforcement is operating here Answer Variable Interval Answer Latent Learning 19 Johnny ate two bags of cotton candy favorite treat Johnny goes on a roller coaster which causes him to vomit Later in the summer Johnny goes back to the amusement park He no longer craves cotton candy and it actually disgusts him due to 20 Computers use binary codes string of ls and Os to represent things but these codes are not available to the ordinary computer user These codes are then changed into words and images on the computer screen making it possible for people to interact with them Which perceptual process does this most resemble Answer Transduction 21 Henry hears German spoken in his home but he is exposed only to English in school It is likely that Henry Answer will have improved metalinguistic ability 22 Sally loves going to music concerts but never wears ear plugs After ten years of attending concerts Sally is having difficulty hearing Sally s hearing loss is most likely caused by damage to her Answer Hair Cells Answer Multiple Intelligences 23 Linus achieved a perfect score on the verbal section of the SAT Charlie is a world class swimmer What theory would say that both Linus and Charlie are intelligent 24 Tolman s demonstration of latent learning challenged the view that all behaviors are governed by the laws of classical and operant conditioning because it showed that Answer learning can occur in the absence of reinforcement 25 Daryl starts reviewing for his exam by studying 20 minutes a day for 10 days rather than just studying 3 4 hours the night before his exam He is making use of Answer Distributed Practice 26 In the English word philosophy the ph represents one Answer phoneme Answer Algorithm 27 Jenna wants to make a sandwich Jenna s mom taught him first put peanut butter on one slice of bread second put jelly on the other and then put the peanut butter and jelly together with the bread outside Jenna used what problem solving procedure to make his sandwich 28 Derek uses a waste basket to keep a door from closing He was not hindered by Answer Functional Fixedness 29
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