Anjali Pillai Terms to know Psychology Final Exam 3 Chapter 12 Emotions Stress and Health 1 Emotion a response of the whole organism involving 1 physiological arousal 2 expressive 2 behaviors and 3 conscious experience James Lange theory the theory that our experience of emotion s our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion arousing stimuli 3 Cannon Bard theory the theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers 1 physiological responses and 2 the subjective experience of emotion 4 Two factor theory the Schachter Singer theory that to experience emotion one must 1 be physically aroused and 2 cognitively label the arousal 5 Facial feedback effect the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear anger or happiness 6 Catharsis emotional release In psychology the catharsis hypothesis maintains that releasing aggressive energy through action or fantasy relieves aggressive urges 7 Feel good do good phenomenon people s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood 8 Subjective well being self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life Used along with measures of objective well being for example physical and economic indicators to evaluate people s quality of life 9 Adaptation level phenomenon our tendency to form judgments of sounds of lights of income relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience 10 Relative deprivation the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one 11 Health psychology a subfield of psychology that provides psychology s contribution to compares oneself behavioral medicine 12 Stress the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors that 13 General adaptation syndrome Selye s concept of the body s adaptive response to stress in we appraise as threatening or challenging three phases alarm resistance exhaustion 14 Tend and befriend under stress people especially women often provide support to others tend and bond with and seek support from others befriends 15 Psychophysiological illness literally mind body illness any stress related physical illness such as hypertension and some headaches 16 Psychoneuroimmunology the study of how psychological neural and endocrine processes together affect the immune systems and resulting faith 17 Lymphocytes the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body s immune system B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections T lymphocytes form in the thymes and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells viruses and foreign substances 18 Coronary heart disease the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle the leading cause of death in many developed countries 19 Type A Friedman and Rosenman s term for competitive hard driving impatient verbally aggressive and anger prone people 20 Type B Friedman and Rosenman s term for easygoing related people 21 Coping alleviating stress using emotional cognitive or behavioral methods 22 Problem focused coping attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing that stressor or the way we interact with that stressor 23 Emotion focused coping attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one s stress reaction 24 Aerobic exercise sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness may also alleviate depression and anxiety Chapter 13 Personality of childhood experiences 1 Psychodynamic theories view personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance 2 Free association in psychoanalysis a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or embarrassing 3 Psychoanalysis Freud s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions 4 Unconscious according to Freud a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts wishes feelings 5 and memories According to contemporary psychologists information processing of which we are unaware Id a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that according to Freud strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives The id operates on the pleasure principle demanding immediate gratification 6 Ego the largely conscious executive part of personality that according to Freud mediates among the demands of the id superego and reality The ego operates on the reality principle satisfying the id s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain 7 Superego the part of personality that according to Freud represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment the conscience and for future aspirations 8 Psychosexual stages the childhood stages of development oral anal phallic latency genital during which according to Freud the id s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones 9 Oedipus complex according to Freud a boy s sexual desires toward his mother and hatred for the rival father 10 Identification the process by which according to Freud children incorporate their parents values into their developing supergos 11 Fixation according to Freud a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved 12 Defense mechanisms in psychoanalytic theory the ego s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality 13 Repression in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories from consciousness 14 Projective test a personality test such as the Rorschach that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one s inner dynamics 15 Rorschach inkblot test the most widely using projective test a set of 10 inkblots designed by Herman Rorschach seeks to identify people s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots 16 Terror management theory a theory of death related anxiety explores people s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death 17 Humanistic theories view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth 18 Self actualization according to Maslow one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self esteem is achieved the motivation to fulfill one s potential 19
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