ISB 202 1nd Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture I. Food and Agriculture Continued Outline of Current Lecture II. BiodiversityIII. Loss of biodiversity IV. Effects of Hunting Current Lecture Biodiversity – Genetic Diversity - measures variety of different versions of same genes within a species– Species Diversity - measures number of different kinds of organisms within a community– Ecological Diversity - measures richness and complexity of a community- Species Diversity– Species Richness - total number of species in a community– Species Evenness -relative abundance of individuals within each species- Currently 1.5 million species identified- Estimates range between 3-50 million– Recent data support an estimate of 4 to 6 million insect species alone.– Invertebrates make up 76% of all known species, and probably most of yet to be discovered species.- Tropical rainforests and coral reefs are biodiversity hotspots.– 34 hotspots (1.4% of world’s land area) contain 75% of the world’s most threatened mammals, birds and amphibians.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Benefits of Biodiversity– Food Wild plants could provide new sources of food or more genetic diversity for existing crops.– Drugs and Medicines More than half of all prescriptions contain some natural product. Pharmaceutical companies actively prospect tropical countries for products. Resources often extracted without compensation (biopiracy). Sharing profits provides an incentive to preserve native species.- Environmental (ecological) services– Photosynthesis– Biological Control– Soil formation ad erosion control- Intrinsic ValueReasons for Loss of Biodiversity- HIPPO– Habitat Destruction – Invasive Species – Population Growth – Pollution– Over Harvesting/Hunting– Habitat Destruction Causes and Effects- Increased Population- Increased Resource Requirements- Conversion to Agriculture- Urban Sprawl- Climate Change- Conversion to Agriculture- Create Monocultures– Reduced Ecosystem Complexity- Pollution– Fertilizers– Pesticides– Increased Use of Fossil Fuels– Soil Erosion and Runoff- Fragmentation– Create Isolated Habitats– Edge Effects– Allows for Invasive Species (Exotics) Effects of Hunting- Increased Human Population- Increased Food Requirements- Traditional Method of Providing Food- No Longer Sustainable- Violating Maximum Sustainable Yield- Modifies (Weakens) Gene
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