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Lecture 12: Cells, Viruses and STDsClassificationCell TheoryThe Cell is a Fundamental Unit of LifeWhere does this leave a virus?Scale of the GameComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsSlide 8BacteriaBasic Structural OrganizationCell MembraneSlide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Cell Membrane ProteinsTransport ProteinsAdhesion ProteinsReceptors and RecognitionPlasma MembraneSlide 21Slide 22Inside the CellEndomembrane SystemSlide 25Inner Nuclear Membrane Proteins and Nuclear LaminaNuclear Pore ComplexNuclear Pore FunctionSlide 29RibosomesSlide 31Slide 32Slide 33Protein TrafficRecognitionSlide 36Slide 37PowerPoint PresentationMembrane-bound OrganellesSlide 40NucleusSlide 42Slide 43Slide 44CytoskeletonSlide 46Slide 47MovementAnimal vs. Plant CellsEukaryotic CellsSingle Cell Organisms Structurally “Simple” EukaryotesProtistansSlide 53Slide 54Slide 55Slide 56Prokaryotic vs. EukaryoticBacterial MembranelSlide 59Prokaryotic Cells of Human ImportanceCholeraSlide 62Slide 63Slide 64Contamination conversionSlide 66Slide 67Slide 68Slide 69Virus StructureVirusSlide 72Host RangeBacterial Virus ModelThe Hershey and Chase ExperimentSlide 76DNA Virus Life CycleBaculovirusSlide 79Retrovirus Life CycleSlide 81Slide 82Slide 83Slide 84HIV PictureSeven of 26 STDs = viralThe STD Triangle AnalogySlide 88Slide 89WARNING Graphically Explicit MaterialChlamydiaGonorrheaSlide 93Nongonococcal urethritisGenital WartsSlide 96SyphilisGenital HerpesAIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)Slide 100Adults and children living with HIV/AIDS as of end 2003Estimated adult and child deaths from HIV/AIDS during 2003Estimated number of children (<15 years) newly infected with HIV during 2003About 14 000 new HIV infections a day in 2003Global summary of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, December 2003Slide 106Slide 107Slide 108Slide 109Slide 110Slide 111Slide 112Slide 113Birth Control MethodsCondomCondom + SpermicideDiaphragmDiaphragm + SpermicideSpongePillMinipillSlide 122Slide 123Slide 124Slide 125VasectomyTubal LigationIntrauterine deviceRhythmAbstinenceSlide 131Slide 132Slide 133Slide 134Slide 135Lecture 12:Cells, Viruses and STDsLecture 12:Cells, Viruses and STDsClassification The Kingdoms•Anamalia- Multicellular, consumers•Plantae- Multicellular, consumers•Fungi- Mostly decomposers•Protista- One-celled, producers and consumers•Eubacteria- Normal bacteria•Archaebacteria- Extreme bacteriaProkaryotesEukaryotesEukaryotesCell Theory•Every organism is composed of one or more cells•The cell is the smallest unit of life•Life is dependent of the growth and division of cellsThe Cell is a Fundamental Unit of LifeThe Cell is a Fundamental Unit of LifeCell structures• Ribosomes•Membrane-bound organelles•Endomembrane system•Cytoskeleton•Flagellum (Cilia) Cell structures• Ribosomes•Membrane-bound organelles•Endomembrane system•Cytoskeleton•Flagellum (Cilia)Where does this leave a virus?•Not able to replicate alone•Not able to metabolize alone•Not a life formVi´rusNoun, virus - (virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of proteinScale of the GameSize of Cells•Eggs 3 mm•Plant cell 100 m•Animal cell 40 m•Red Blood Cell 8 m•Tyrpanosome 25 m•Bacteria 1-5 m•Virus–HTLV(AIDS) 100 nm–Poliovirus 30 nm Drawn to approximate scaleComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsProkaryote EukaryoteOrganism Bacteria Protists, yeast, plants and animalsCell Size 1-10m 10-100 mO2 required some allMembrane no yesRibosomes yes yesDNA form circular linear complex with proteinProkaryote EukaryoteOrganism Bacteria Protists, yeast, plants and animalsCell Size 1-10m 10-100 mO2 required some allMembrane no yesRibosomes yes yesDNA form circular linear complex with proteinComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic EukaryoticDNA location cytoplasm nucleusDNA length short longCytoskeleton no yes Prokaryotic EukaryoticDNA location cytoplasm nucleusDNA length short longCytoskeleton no yesBacteria•Two different kingdoms (taxonomy term)•Eubacteria and Archaebacteria•Huge Metabolic Diversity•Photoautotrophic•Chemoautotrophic•Photoheterotropic•Chemoheterotrophic –Also aerobic and anaerobic•Basic Morphology–Rods, Balls and Spirals or..–Bacilli, Cocci, and SpirillumBasic Structural Organization•Membrane•Cytoplasm•NucleusCell Membrane•Phospholipids–Hydrophilic- Heads–Lipophilic- TailsCell MembraneFluid Mosaic Model-Fluid- kind of like a bubble-Mosaic- Full of “Stuff”1. Phospholipids (of course)2. Protein (Oh no not again!)3. Sterols- Structurally Important-Not long chains-Add flexibility to membraneComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsProkaryote EukaryoteOrganism Bacteria Protists, yeast, plants and animalsCell Size 1-10m 10-100 mO2 required some allMembrane no yesRibosomes yes yesDNA form circular linear complex with proteinProkaryote EukaryoteOrganism Bacteria Protists, yeast, plants and animalsCell Size 1-10m 10-100 mO2 required some allMembrane no yesRibosomes yes yesDNA form circular linear complex with proteinComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsComparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic EukaryoticDNA location cytoplasm nucleusDNA length short longCytoskeleton no yes Prokaryotic EukaryoticDNA location cytoplasm nucleusDNA length short longCytoskeleton no yesBacteria•Two different kingdoms (taxonomy term)•Eubacteria and Archaebacteria•Huge Metabolic Diversity•Photoautotrophic•Chemoautotrophic•Photoheterotropic•Chemoheterotrophic –Also aerobic and anaerobic•Basic Morphology–Rods, Balls and Spirals or..–Bacilli, Cocci, and SpirillumCell Membrane Proteins•Transport proteins and channels•Adhesion proteins •Receptors•Enzymes•RecognitionTransport ProteinsTransport ProteinsAdhesion ProteinsAdhesion ProteinsReceptors and RecognitionReceptors are sensors on the cell-Nutrient levels-Status of surrounding cells-Divide or Die-Activate or Suppress Recognition-ID tags-Immune surveillancePlasma MembranePlasma Membrane•More than just a filmy covering•Not just on the outsideCell MembraneKey ConceptsThe membrane is
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