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MSU ISB 202 - lecture20-MW-2004
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PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Context-SustainabilitySlide 6What is an ecosystem? May be easier to understand an agroecosystem…What is an ecosystem? You can understand any unit of earth that you have impact on as an ecosystem, your ecosystem…Ecosystems: Abiotic and Biotic IntegrationEnergy FlowWater CycleCarbon CycleNitrogen Cycle“The Soil Ecosystem”Trophic LevelsSpatial scales: Local to Regional to GlobalSlide 17Defining Sustainable AgricultureSlide 19OverviewChallengesOpportunitiesSlide 23Integrated Agricultural LandscapesSlide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Extension has the information you need to survive!Slide 34Which Came First; The Chicken or the Egg?Sustainable Agriculture? or ASustainable World?Goals:Websites: These may be helpful…http://www.sare.org/ http://www.sarep.ucdavis.edu/Concept.htm http://www.farmsanctuary.org/ http://www.factoryfarming.com/index.htm1. What is sustainable thinking?4. Understand your personal contribution to global equality and environmental healthRead: Chapters 40, 42, 43, 44 & 45 (Alt. Bk. – 27 to 32 not 28)3. Sustainable agriculture and its goals.2. Define a sustainable World.Dr. Mark WhalonDepartment of EntomologyCenter for Integrated Plant SystemsMichigan State UniversityDr. Mark WhalonDepartment of EntomologyCenter for Integrated Plant SystemsMichigan State [email protected]@msu.eduWhen you think of a sustainableUSA; what does that mean to you?When you think of a sustainableUSA; what does that mean to you?Context-Context-In the cold cruel world of life on planet earth:•Why would we (you, me, your parents, your friends, your state, your country all of Society) want to “conserve” natural resources –if it’s not to sustain “useful” lands and natural systems for the future (generations)?•If Sustainability is what we are aiming at, will our current measures (way we live) “hit” the target? Given: –1) Your (mine and our) attitudes, –2) What you (me and us) have bought into, –3) The way you do life, and/or –4) The way we ALL DO LIFE.•Since current definitions of sustainability segregate into four general, but related sectors; –1) economics, –2) social systems, –3) agroecosystems (landscapes) and the –4) environment, •What do you know about sustainability?In the cold cruel world of life on planet earth:•Why would we (you, me, your parents, your friends, your state, your country all of Society) want to “conserve” natural resources –if it’s not to sustain “useful” lands and natural systems for the future (generations)?•If Sustainability is what we are aiming at, will our current measures (way we live) “hit” the target? Given: –1) Your (mine and our) attitudes, –2) What you (me and us) have bought into, –3) The way you do life, and/or –4) The way we ALL DO LIFE.•Since current definitions of sustainability segregate into four general, but related sectors; –1) economics, –2) social systems, –3) agroecosystems (landscapes) and the –4) environment, •What do you know about sustainability?What gets measured gets managed…What gets measured gets managed…Sustainability•Definition: “the ability of a system to continue in time”–It’s at the least a presumption or presupposition about the future:–involves at least:•How well are you, me, WE measuring our own life outcomes relative to sustainability?1- The Environment2- The Ecosystem2- The Ecosystem3- Society4- Economics5. Can the natural environment be degraded irrevocably?4. The longer the long-term consequences, the less likely detected3. Standard of living depends on production2. Closed world system1. FutureB. Observations about sustainable thinkingWhat is an ecosystem?May be easier to understand an agroecosystem…•A unit of management.= a spatial unit of habitat that a producer identifies as a field, a block, a planting, a woods or a paddock; which he manages as a contiguous whole.–Applies inputs to…as a unit.–Harvests from…as a unit.“Hey, John! Spray ‘Dad’s back-ten’ before the wind gets up today! OK?”“Yep, I’ll get ‘er done right now, Boss…”Jay Bruner PictureMeso-area Biotic Exchange:• landscape interactions• recruitment & biotic flowMeso-area Biotic Exchange:• landscape interactions• recruitment & biotic flowEverybody on the farm knows that this unit of landis ‘Dad’s back-ten’…it’s an agroecosytem.What is an ecosystem?You can understand any unit of earth that you have impact on as an ecosystem, your ecosystem…•A unit of management.= a spatial unit of habitat that a person identifies as a yard, a house, a block, a township a county or state or continent or earth; which he (you, me or we) manage or influence as a contiguous whole.–Applies inputs to…as a unit.–Harvests from…as a unit.“Hey, John! Mow the lawn! OK?”“###%***##!!!, Ah, well, OK I’ll do it…(under his breath, I just got home and now this! Doesn’t he know that I’m not a kid anymore?”Jay Bruner PictureMeso-area Biotic Exchange:• landscape interactions• recruitment & biotic flowMeso-area Biotic Exchange:• landscape interactions• recruitment & biotic flowEverybody in the house knows that this unit of landis ‘the back yard’…it’s an ecosystem—a unit of managed habitat.Ecosystems:Abiotic and Biotic IntegrationAbiotic Environment–Physical laws and structure:•earth, soil, water, minerals, atmosphere…–Cycles: H20, C, N, etc…–Chemical Interactions…•metabolism & synthesis•degradation & mass action –Energy flux: light, +/_ charge •e.g. heat (long wave length light)•e.g. electrical charges (chemical bonds & enzymes)•Biotic Systems–Species–Populations–Communities–Agro-Ecosystem–Ecozones–Hemispheres–Bioshpere–Earth–Solar System–UniverseIntegrationStructure + Process = PatternIntegrationStructure + Process = PatternEnergy FlowEnergy FlowWater CycleCarbon CycleNitrogen CycleNitrogen CycleFungiFungiActinomy-cetesActinomy-cetesBacteriaNematodesProtozoaArthropodsArthropodsEarthworms“The Soil Ecosystem”“The Soil Ecosystem”The Soil Food WebThe Soil Food WebTrophic LevelsTrophic LevelsProducers“Crops”Producers“Crops”Herbivores“Pests”Herbivores“Pests”Carnivores“Biocontrol Agents”Carnivores“Biocontrol Agents”ComplexityComplexitySpatial scales: Local to Regional to GlobalSpatial scales: Local to Regional to GlobalPlants (1 m2)Plants (1


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