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MSU ISB 202 - lecture11-BW-2004
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Lecture 11: STD’s and Viruses in CellsBasic Structural OrganizationCell MembraneReceptors and RecognitionSlide 5Inside the CellEndomembrane SystemSlide 8Nuclear Pore FunctionSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Protein TrafficRecognitionSlide 15Slide 16Membrane-bound OrganellesSexually Transmitted DiseaseChlamydiaSlide 20GonorrheaSlide 22SyphilisTrichomonasTrichomonasGenital WartsSlide 27Herpes VirusSlide 29AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)PowerPoint PresentationAdults and children living with HIV/AIDS as of end 2003Estimated adult and child deaths from HIV/AIDS during 2003Estimated number of children (<15 years) newly infected with HIV during 2003About 14 000 new HIV infections a day in 2003Global summary of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, December 2003Slide 38Slide 39Slide 40What we’ve learned about therapy Bad NewsWhere does this leave a virus?ClassificationVirus StructureVirusSlide 46Host RangeBacterial Virus ModelThe Hershey and Chase ExperimentSlide 50DNA Virus Life CycleBaculovirusSlide 53Retrovirus Life CycleSlide 55Slide 56Slide 57Slide 58HIV PictureHIV TransmissionLecture 11:STD’s and Viruses in CellsLecture 11:STD’s and Viruses in CellsBasic Structural Organization•Membrane•Cytoplasm•NucleusCell MembraneCell MembraneFluid Mosaic Model-Fluid- kind of like a bubble-Mosaic- Full of “Stuff”1. Phospholipids (of course)2. Protein (Oh no not again!)3. Sterols- Structurally Important-Not long chains-Add flexibility to membraneFluid Mosaic Model-Fluid- kind of like a bubble-Mosaic- Full of “Stuff”1. Phospholipids (of course)2. Protein (Oh no not again!)3. Sterols- Structurally Important-Not long chains-Add flexibility to membraneReceptors and RecognitionReceptors and RecognitionReceptors are sensors on the cell-Nutrient levels-Status of surrounding cells-Divide or Die-Activate or Suppress Recognition-ID tags-Immune surveillance Receptors are sensors on the cell-Nutrient levels-Status of surrounding cells-Divide or Die-Activate or Suppress Recognition-ID tags-Immune surveillanceCell MembraneCell MembraneKey ConceptsThe membrane is an organelleThe membrane is dynamicMembranes play a key role in cell function•More than just a filmy covering•Not just on the outsideKey ConceptsThe membrane is an organelleThe membrane is dynamicMembranes play a key role in cell function•More than just a filmy covering•Not just on the outsideInside the CellInside the CellMore Membranes!OrganellesFew Empty SpacesCytoplasm is the Desert in the CellMore Membranes!OrganellesFew Empty SpacesCytoplasm is the Desert in the CellEndomembrane SystemEndomembrane System1. Nuclear Membrane2. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Rough ERSmooth ER3. The Golgi Body4. Vessicles5. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum1. Nuclear Membrane2. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Rough ERSmooth ER3. The Golgi Body4. Vessicles5. Sarcoplasmic ReticulumEndomembrane SystemEndomembrane SystemNuclear Membrane–Inner nuclear membrane–Outter nuclear membrane•Continuous with ER•Nuclear Membrane Proteins–Nuclear Lamina- Inner membrane•Structure•Role in Division–Nuclear pores- TransportNuclear Membrane–Inner nuclear membrane–Outter nuclear membrane•Continuous with ER•Nuclear Membrane Proteins–Nuclear Lamina- Inner membrane•Structure•Role in Division–Nuclear pores- TransportNuclear Pore FunctionNuclear Pore FunctionEndomembrane SystemEndomembrane SystemEndoplasmic Reticulum•Site of Protein Synthesis–Ribosomes- attached vs. “free”–Protein tags for trafficking:•Outside, Inside or in the Middle•Inside the ER–Post-Transcriptional Modification•Glycosylation- sugar additions•Glycosylation labels proteins for transport –Transport•New proteins shuttled to Golgi or VessiclesEndoplasmic Reticulum•Site of Protein Synthesis–Ribosomes- attached vs. “free”–Protein tags for trafficking:•Outside, Inside or in the Middle•Inside the ER–Post-Transcriptional Modification•Glycosylation- sugar additions•Glycosylation labels proteins for transport –Transport•New proteins shuttled to Golgi or VessiclesEndomembrane SystemEndomembrane SystemGolgi Apparatus•More post-transcriptional modification•Sorting and transport–Default transport and Direction•If in doubt secrete it•Carbohydrate Synthesis–Polysaccharides•Pectin and hemicellulose•GlycosaminoglycansGolgi Apparatus•More post-transcriptional modification•Sorting and transport–Default transport and Direction•If in doubt secrete it•Carbohydrate Synthesis–Polysaccharides•Pectin and hemicellulose•GlycosaminoglycansEndomembrane SystemEndomembrane SystemVessiclesSecretory Vessicles-Fuse with membrane and dump contentsLysosome and Peroxisome-Degrade and recycleVacuoles-Storage containersVessiclesSecretory Vessicles-Fuse with membrane and dump contentsLysosome and Peroxisome-Degrade and recycleVacuoles-Storage containers•Protein made in the ER is folded•Bits of the ER are transported to the Golgi•The Golgi labels and sorts proteins•Bits of the Golgi are transported to “vessicles”–Secretory vessicles–Lysosome•Protein made in the ER is folded•Bits of the ER are transported to the Golgi•The Golgi labels and sorts proteins•Bits of the Golgi are transported to “vessicles”–Secretory vessicles–LysosomeProtein TrafficProtein TrafficGolgiGolgiERERRecognitionRecognitionRecognizing cells with viral infectionsRecognizing cells with viral infectionsEndomembrane SystemEndomembrane SystemWhat Happens in Each Compartment1. ER 2. Golgi3. Vessicles–Follow the proteinWhat Happens in Each Compartment1. ER 2. Golgi3. Vessicles–Follow the proteinBasic Structural OrganizationBasic Structural Organization•Membrane•Cytoplasm•Nucleus•Membrane•Cytoplasm•NucleusMembrane-bound OrganellesMembrane-bound OrganellesNucleusNucleusMitochondriaMitochondriaChloroplastChloroplastSexually Transmitted DiseaseSexually Transmitted DiseaseChlamydiaGonorrheaSyphillisTrichomonasGenital WartsHerpes VirusHIV/AIDSChlamydiaGonorrheaSyphillisTrichomonasGenital WartsHerpes VirusHIV/AIDSChlamydiaChlamydiaCauseIntracellular bacteriaSymptoms (M):Urethritis, epididymitis, prostitis (mild to severe burning)Symptoms (F):Urethritis, cervicitis and PID.CauseIntracellular bacteriaSymptoms (M):Urethritis, epididymitis, prostitis (mild to severe burning)Symptoms (F):Urethritis, cervicitis and PID.Key featuresImportant cause of infertilityNo external soresAsymptomatic:Up to 20% Incubation:1-3


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