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MSU ISB 202 - LECTURE NOTES
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Lecture 13: BiotechnologyBiotechnologyMedical BiotechnologySlide 4Agricultural BiotechnologyEnvironmental BiotechnologyIndustrial BiotechnologySlide 8Slide 9PowerPoint PresentationSlide 11Slide 12Recombinant InsulinSlide 14New Biomed TechGene PillGene Therapy and Gene VaccinesAntibody DrugsAntibodies as PharmaceuticalsSlide 20Finding the Bulls in Biotech The sector is blazing, the science ever more titillating. But with share prices up 214% in three years, can biotech stocks go even higher? The right ones can. FORTUNE Tuesday, January 22, 2002 By Brian O'Keefe If any one product is emblematic of trends in the biotech market, it's Rituxan. This soon-to-be blockbuster is already driving growth for two of the biggest biotechs--IDEC Pharmaceuticals, which makes the drug, and Genentech, which markets it. The two companies split sales of roughly $800 million in 2001. As its adoption spreads, Rituxan, which fights a type of cancer known as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is on track to surpass the $1 billion mark this year. And sales are expected to grow by 20% annually over the next five years. Agricultural ApplicationsPlant BiotechnologySlide 24Genetically Modified FoodsSlide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30How do you make transgenic plants?Slide 32Insect Resistance Stored Product ProtectionSlide 34Slide 35Slide 36BioPharmBioPharm from PlantsAnimals in BiotechnologyRecombinant Bovine Somatotropin (rBST)Slide 41FoodMotivation?The Real Price of a Big Mac Filmmaker Morgan Spurlock discusses life as a human guinea pigSlide 45Key Issues in the DebateSlide 47Slide 48Slide 49Textile BiotechnologySlide 51Slide 52Mercury PhytoremediationQUIZFinal SlideLecture 13: BiotechnologyObjectivesDefine biotechnology Identify biotechnologies in common useDifferentiate between types of biotechnologyKey Terms:Recombinant DNA, fermentation, selection marker, bioremediation, Genetically Modified Organism, Sandwich assay, monoclonal antibody, gene therapy, transgenic, vector, bovine somatotropin, Bt, recombinant proteinUseful Websitehttp://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/raven6b/graphics/raven06b/other/raven06b_19.pdfBiotechnologyDefinition: Technology that is derived from living things and their natural processes.General Categories•Medical Biotechnology-Vaccines, diagnostics, pharmaceuticals •Industrial Biotechnology - Enzymes and microorganisms for processing products•Environmental Biotechnology - Microorganisms for bioremediation•Agricultural Biotechnology - Enhanced crops, feed and fertilizersMedical Biotechnology•Diagnostics–Every time you leave a sample…•Pharmaceuticals–What are you putting in your mouth?–Antibiotics, vaccines, chiral molecules and lots more•Gene Therapy•Vaccines•Xenograft and transplants etc..Medical Biotechnology•Antibody production–Immunoglobins = globs that make you immune–Glcosylated proteins–Stick to one “epitope” specifically –High affinity interaction (real sticky)•Recombinant protein–Combine bacterial and somebody’s DNA–Bacteria express protein (express = squeeze out)–Protein from bacterial slaves is used for somethingAgricultural Biotechnology•Enhanced Plants–Genetically Modified Plants (GMO)–Insect Resistance–Herbicide Resistance–Increased Nutrition•Enhanced AnimalsEnvironmental BiotechnologyMicroorganisms for bioremediation•Miniature toxin demolition machinesGreen technology for decontamination•Plants that take toxinsIndustrial Biotechnology•Enzymes –Its not just soap!–Its not really a stone•Microorganisms–Processing products–BioindicatorsWhat is the antibody for?What is the antibody for?Three questions you may have ponderedThree questions you may have pondered1.1.What happens when you pee on the What happens when you pee on the stick?stick?2.2.What happens to the “specimen” on the What happens to the “specimen” on the other side of the wall?other side of the wall?3.3.Should this medical test really take three Should this medical test really take three days?days?Medical BiotechnologyMedical BiotechnologyMonoclonal Antibody ProductionMonoclonal Antibody Production•Key tool for finding small molecules in Key tool for finding small molecules in biological samplesbiological samples•Cells from a mouse are grown in a bioreactorCells from a mouse are grown in a bioreactor•Cells produce the antibodyCells produce the antibodyMedical BiotechnologyMedical BiotechnologyMedical BiotechnologyMedical BiotechnologyRecombinant InsulinRecombinant Insulin•Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreasInsulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas–It is essential for the regulation of glucose in the It is essential for the regulation of glucose in the bodybody–The pancreas of a diabetes patient has lost the The pancreas of a diabetes patient has lost the ability to produce insulin. ability to produce insulin. •Before recombinant biotech processes in the Before recombinant biotech processes in the 1980's, only animal insulin was available.1980's, only animal insulin was available.–Usually sourced from pigsUsually sourced from pigs–Only available in limited quantitiesOnly available in limited quantitiesMedical BiotechnologyMedical BiotechnologyRecombinant Factor IXRecombinant Factor IX•Hemophilia BHemophilia B–A coagulation disorder characterized by a deficiency in Factor A coagulation disorder characterized by a deficiency in Factor IX (no scabs) IX (no scabs) –Excessive bruising, spontaneous bleeding Excessive bruising, spontaneous bleeding –Excessive bleeding follows moderate to severe trauma, dental Excessive bleeding follows moderate to severe trauma, dental work, or surgery work, or surgery •Treatment and managementTreatment and management–Factor IX Concentrate, or Fresh Frozen PlasmaFactor IX Concentrate, or Fresh Frozen PlasmaRisk of hepatitis B and C viruses and HIVRisk of hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV–Recombinant plasma and albumin-free Factor IXRecombinant plasma and albumin-free Factor IXNo risk of contamination No risk of contaminationRecombinant InsulinRecombinant Insulin•Clone the human cDNA (spliced gene)Clone the human cDNA (spliced gene)•Transfer the plasmid to bacteria (Transfer the plasmid to bacteria (E. coliE. coli))Recombine human DNA into bacterial plasmidRecombine human DNA into bacterial plasmidRecombinant InsulinRecombinant Insulin•Grow a pot load of bacteria that make the insulin protein (fermentation)Grow a pot load of bacteria that make the insulin


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MSU ISB 202 - LECTURE NOTES

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