If you could peer into the crystal ball and see how you were going to die, would you do anything different?Lecture 6: Diabetes, sugar, and ATPLeading Causes of DeathsI don’t have to worry about that stuff till I get old!Two Types of DiabetesDiabetes MellitisRisk FactorsReducing RisksWhat, me worry?Diabetes Prevention ProgramQuestion #1PowerPoint PresentationAbsorption MechanismsSlide 14Control of Glucose MetabolismSlide 16IF YOU ARE LOST CLOSE YOUR EYES TILL UNTIL AFTER THE NEXT SLIDESlide 18Slide 19Using Glucose Skeletal Muscle StructureMyofibrilSarcomereMuscle MicrofilamentsSliding-Filament ModelSlide 25Key Concept: Contraction Requires EnergyQuestion #2ATP for ContractionWhat is ATP?ATP Is Universal Energy SourceMaking ATPTwo Main Pathways for making ATPOverview of Aerobic RespirationSlide 35Slide 36What’s the deal with Oxygen? (electron transport chain over simplified)Question #3Coenzyme ProductionMaking ATP: Chemiosmotic ModelATP Synthase in ActionKey Points In SummaryEfficiency of Aerobic RespirationAnaerobic PathwaysFermentation PathwaysLactate FermentationYeastsAlcoholic FermentationAnaerobic Electron TransportQuestion #4Energy ReservesEnergy from MacromoleculesCarbohydrate Breakdown and StorageMaking GlycogenUsing GlycogenKey ConceptsEnergy from ProteinsEnergy from Fats (lipids)Processes Are LinkedMachinery of Noncyclic Electron FlowATP Formation in PlantsATP FormationTwo Important PathwaysSummary of PhotosynthesisQuestion #5Please hand your quiz sheet to Andrea or Leah on your way out Note: They will only accept one answer form from each personIf you could peer If you could peer into the crystal into the crystal ball and see how ball and see how you were going you were going to die, would you to die, would you do anything do anything different?different?Lecture 6: Diabetes, sugar, and Lecture 6: Diabetes, sugar, and ATPATPObjectivesObjectivesUnderstand how sugar metabolism worksUnderstand how sugar metabolism worksUnderstand how to make ATPUnderstand how to make ATPUnderstand where sugar comes from Understand where sugar comes from Understand how sugar metabolism affects youUnderstand how sugar metabolism affects youKey TermsKey Termsmetabolism, gradient, equilibrium, phosphorylation, ATP, metabolism, gradient, equilibrium, phosphorylation, ATP, ADPADPelectron transport, glycolysis, insulin, glycogen, glucagonelectron transport, glycolysis, insulin, glycogen, glucagonNEXT WEEK:NEXT WEEK:Cell Division and CancerCell Division and CancerLeading Causes of Leading Causes of DeathsDeaths1.1.Heart Disease: 700,142Heart Disease: 700,1422.2.Cancer: 553,768Cancer: 553,7683.3.Stroke: 163,538Stroke: 163,5384.4.Lung diseases: 123,013Lung diseases: 123,0135.5.Accidents (unintentional injuries): 101,537Accidents (unintentional injuries): 101,5376.6.Diabetes: 71,372Diabetes: 71,3727.7.Influenza/ Pneumonia: 62,034Influenza/ Pneumonia: 62,0348.8.Alzheimer's disease: 53,852Alzheimer's disease: 53,8529.9.Kidney Disease: 39,480Kidney Disease: 39,48010.10.Septicemia (infection): 32,238Septicemia (infection): 32,238(Most current data available are for U.S. in 2001) www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/lcod.htmI don’t have to worry I don’t have to worry about that stuff till I about that stuff till I get old! get old! All races, both sexes, 20–24 yearsAll races, both sexes, 20–24 years1.1.Accidents (unintentional injuries) Accidents (unintentional injuries) 2.2.Assault (homicide)Assault (homicide) 3.3.Intentional self-harm (suicide)Intentional self-harm (suicide)4.4.Cancer Cancer 5.5.Heart disease Heart disease 6.6.Genetic abnormalitiesGenetic abnormalities7.7.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)8.8.Stroke Stroke 9.9.Influenza and pneumonia Influenza and pneumonia 10.10.DiabetesDiabetes Relative to the national population of 20-24’s, are MSU students less likely to die from the top 3?It’s difficult for one to prevent bad luck, or being a victim?Two Types of DiabetesTwo Types of DiabetesType 1Type 1 Juvenile diabetesJuvenile diabetesAutoimmune Autoimmune diseasediseaseBeta cells in Beta cells in pancreas are pancreas are killed by defense killed by defense responses responses Treated with Treated with insulin injectionsinsulin injectionsType 2Type 2Adults affectedAdults affectedInsulin sensing Insulin sensing system impaired.system impaired.Beta cells stop Beta cells stop making insulin.making insulin.Pancreas burns outPancreas burns outTreated with diet, Treated with diet, drugsdrugsDiabetes Diabetes MellitisMellitisCells in muscles, liver and fat don’t Cells in muscles, liver and fat don’t use insulin properlyuse insulin properlyDisease in which excess glucose Disease in which excess glucose accumulates in blood, then urineaccumulates in blood, then urineSigns and SymptomsSigns and SymptomsExcessive urinationExcessive urinationConstant thirst and or hungerConstant thirst and or hungerFatigueFatigueWeight lossWeight lossBlurred visionBlurred visionSores that don’t healSores that don’t healRisk FactorsRisk FactorsAgeAgeOverweightOverweightInactive (exercise > 3x/week)Inactive (exercise > 3x/week)Family history: African, American Indian, Family history: African, American Indian, Asian, Pacific Islander, Hispanic or Latino Asian, Pacific Islander, Hispanic or Latino descent.descent.Siblings or parents have diabetesSiblings or parents have diabetesGestational diabetesGestational diabetesBlood pressure over 140/90Blood pressure over 140/90HDL (good) cholesterol is low and HDL (good) cholesterol is low and triglicerides are hightriglicerides are highReducing RisksReducing RisksPhysical activity- 30 min 5 Physical activity- 30 min 5 days/weekdays/weekDiet ModificationDiet ModificationLow fat- 25% of calories maxLow fat- 25% of calories maxLow alcoholLow alcoholMaintain Reasonable body massMaintain Reasonable body massNo crash dietsNo crash dietsModify dietary intake Modify dietary intakeWhat, me worry?What, me worry?MythsMyths::When I leave MSU and get a job When I leave MSU and get a job I will have as much or I will have as much or more free more free timetime than I do now. (I’ll still than I do now. (I’ll still exercise as much as I do now.exercise as much as I do now.I’m I’m naturally healthynaturally healthy, I don’t , I don’t have to worry.have to worry.I don’t have any risk factors so I don’t have any risk
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