DOC PREVIEW
MSU ISB 202 - Exam 3 Study guide

This preview shows page 1-2-21-22 out of 22 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 22 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 22 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 22 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 22 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 22 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

ISB 202 1nd EditionExam # 3 Study Guide Lectures: 13-22Lecture 13 (March 11)Population Dynamics- Properties of Populations- Population - all the members of a single species living in a specific area at the same timeForms of Social Organization- Solitary – Bears, Tigers, Rhino- Mating Pair – Many Birds- Large Groups – School of Fish, Hyenas, Lions, primates - Super-organisms – Social Insects (bees, wasps, ants, termites)Competition - Intraspecific – within the same species- Interspecific – between different species (niche overlap)Population Dispersion Patterns- Dispersion – the way organisms are distributed in their habitat- Dispersal - the movement of organisms from one area to another- Immigration – incoming flow- Emigration – outgoing flow- Migration – Back and Forth- Immigrationo Incoming Flowo Move into an area of lower population concentrationo Move into an area with higher resource concentration - Emigrationo Outgoing Flowo Avoid Overcrowding o Environmental Stresso Resource Depletiono Behaviorally Induced- Migrationo Back and Fortho Seasonalo Genetic Hardwiringo Reduces Environmental ResistanceTerritoriality- An individual aggressively protects its home range.- The possessor of a territory has heightened aggression.- Territory Markerso Olfactory (smell)o Visualo Auditoryo Dominance Hierarchyo Pecking ordero Alpha Males and Femaleso Dominant maleso Matriarchal (dominant females)Biotic Potential- The rate at which a population would grow under ideal conditions- There are always limits to population growth in nature- Environmental Resistance – factors limiting the growth of a populationo (Competition, Resource Limits, Predation, Disease, Climate, etc.)Lecture 14 (March 13)Reproductive Strategies- r – Selected Species (cockroach)- K – Selected Species (Elephant)- Two Ends of a Spectrum- r vs. K Strategies o Sizeo Number of Offspringo Parental Careo Reproductive Ageo Mortalityo Population Growth Rateo Population size stabilityo Successional Stageo Niche Width- Carrying Capacity (K)- The number of individuals of a given species that can be sustained in a given space.Dynamics of Population Growth- Exponential Growth - growth at a constant rate of increase per unit time (geometric) ; has no limit- Exponential Growtho J curve when the equation is graphedo Initial increase is slow, however, numbers increase quickly because a % increase leads to a much larger increase as the population grows.- Growth to a Stable Population- Logistic Growth - growth rates regulated by internal and external factors until coming into equilibrium with environmental resourceso Growth rate slows as population approaches carrying capacity.o S curve when the equation is graphedLogistic Growth Curve (S Curve)- Factors Influencing Population Growtho Births (natality)o Deaths (mortality)o Immigrationo Emigrationo Factors affecting populationo Density independent factors- These are factors that have the same effect on a population regardless of population sizeo Weather or climate, natural catastrophes, human activities, are usually independent of population sizeFactors Affecting Populations- Density dependent factorso Density dependent factors have a varying affect on populations based on population sizeo Disease, predation, competition, food shortages, overcrowding are usually density dependent meaning that the population size helps determine the spread of the diseaseLecture 15 (March 18)Perspectives on Growth- Thomas Malthus (1798) wrote “An Essay on the Principle of Population” in which he showed thathuman populations increase exponentially, while food production increases arithmetically.- Population growth is checked by famine, disease, and cultural factors (e.g. late marriage)• Malthusian Catastrophe • “There should be no more people in a country than could enjoy a daily glass of wine and piece of beef for dinner.” Population Growth• Major Factors Controlling Population Growth Rate:A. Birth RateB. Death RateC. Immigration & Emigration• Human Population ProblemHistory of the problem - Cultural Revolutions Hunting and gathering phase Domestication of plants and animals Industrial revolution  Public health and technology revolution Medical technology revolution Green revolution Genetic Revolution Current Trends in PopulationGrowth Across the Globe• Developing Nations– Above Carrying Capacity– In debt• Developed Nations– Relatively small portion of population– Controls WealthTwo Demographic Worlds• First is poor, young, and rapidly growing.– Less-developed countries• Africa, Asia, Latin America• Contain 80% of world population, and will account for 90% of projected growth• Second is wealthy, old, and mostly shrinking.– North America, Western Europe, Japan• Average age is about 40• Populations expected to stabilize or decline- Gap between the top one percent and the remaining 99% of the US population has grown to a record high- In 2000, American families paid 7% of our income on food and fuel. We now pay 20%- The richest 85 people in the world have as much wealth as the bottom 50 percent.• Major Causes of War?• Religion• Conflicts of Resources• Human Population Demographic Vocabulary• Mortality – Death Rate• Natality – Birth Rate• Population Trends- Mortality > Natality  Population Decreases (Denmark)- Mortality < Natality  Population Increases (Ethiopia)- Mortality = Natality  Zero Population Growth (Japan)Fertility and Birth Rates• Crude Birth Rate - Number of births in a year per thousand.• Total Fertility Rate - number of children born to an average woman in a population during her life• Zero Population Growth – 2.1 children per couple– Births + immigration = deaths + emigration• Total Fertility Rate = the average # of children in a woman’s lifetime.Mortality and Death Rates Crude Death Rate - number of deaths per thousand persons in a given year Poor countries average about 20 while wealthier countries average about 10. Some rapidly growing countries have very low crude death rates due to a high proportion of young people.  Natural Increase - crude birth rate minus crude death rate Total growth rate includes immigration/emigration, as well as births and deaths.Lecture 16 (March 20)Life Span and Life Expectancy• Life Expectancy - average age a newborn can expect


View Full Document

MSU ISB 202 - Exam 3 Study guide

Documents in this Course
33

33

2 pages

lecture13

lecture13

10 pages

Cloning

Cloning

3 pages

lecture23

lecture23

10 pages

17

17

2 pages

lecture5

lecture5

10 pages

13

13

3 pages

36

36

2 pages

05

05

2 pages

02

02

3 pages

Load more
Download Exam 3 Study guide
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Exam 3 Study guide and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Exam 3 Study guide 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?