ISB 202 1nd Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. Population Dynamics Outline of Current Lecture II. Perspectives on GrowthIII. Population GrowthIV. Fertility and Birth RatesV. Mortality and Death RatesCurrent LecturePerspectives on Growth- Thomas Malthus (1798) wrote “An Essay on the Principle of Population” in which he showed thathuman populations increase exponentially, while food production increases arithmetically.- Population growth is checked by famine, disease, and cultural factors (e.g. late marriage)• Malthusian Catastrophe • “There should be no more people in a country than could enjoy a daily glass of wine and piece of beef for dinner.” Population Growth• Major Factors Controlling Population Growth Rate:A. Birth RateB. Death RateC. Immigration & Emigration• Human Population ProblemHistory of the problem - Cultural Revolutions Hunting and gathering phase Domestication of plants and animalsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Industrial revolution Public health and technology revolution Medical technology revolution Green revolution Genetic Revolution Current Trends in PopulationGrowth Across the Globe• Developing Nations– Above Carrying Capacity– In debt• Developed Nations– Relatively small portion of population– Controls WealthTwo Demographic Worlds• First is poor, young, and rapidly growing.– Less-developed countries• Africa, Asia, Latin America• Contain 80% of world population, and will account for 90% of projected growth• Second is wealthy, old, and mostly shrinking.– North America, Western Europe, Japan• Average age is about 40• Populations expected to stabilize or decline- Gap between the top one percent and the remaining 99% of the US population has grown to a record high- In 2000, American families paid 7% of our income on food and fuel. We now pay 20%- The richest 85 people in the world have as much wealth as the bottom 50 percent.• Major Causes of War?• Religion• Conflicts of Resources• Human Population Demographic Vocabulary• Mortality – Death Rate• Natality – Birth Rate• Population Trends- Mortality > Natality Population Decreases (Denmark)- Mortality < Natality Population Increases (Ethiopia)- Mortality = Natality Zero Population Growth (Japan)Fertility and Birth Rates• Crude Birth Rate - Number of births in a year per thousand.• Total Fertility Rate - number of children born to an average woman in a population during her life• Zero Population Growth – 2.1 children per couple– Births + immigration = deaths + emigration• Total Fertility Rate = the average # of children in a woman’s lifetime.Mortality and Death Rates Crude Death Rate - number of deaths per thousand persons in a given year Poor countries average about 20 while wealthier countries average about 10. Some rapidly growing countries have very low crude death rates due to a high proportion of young people. Natural Increase - crude birth rate minus crude death rate Total growth rate includes immigration/emigration, as well as births and
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