ISB 202 1nd Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. Population GrowthOutline of Current Lecture II. Environmental HealthIII. Acute vs Chronic Doses and EffectsIV. ToxinsCurrent LectureEuphorbia tirucalii - African Milk Bush- All parts of Euphorbia tirucalli ooze a milky sap when damaged or cut. Contact with this sap may cause dermatitis in some people, and in the eyes the sap can cause temporary blindness which may last for several days. Environmental Health- Health - a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being- Disease - an abnormal change in the body’s condition that impairs physical or psychological function- Toxic chemicals depend on:– Dose: amount of exposure– Duration: Time of exposure– Capacity of body to remove toxin- Any substance can be toxic at the right dose (ex: water toxicity = hyponatremia)Acute versus Chronic Doses and Effects- Acute Effects - caused by a single exposure and results in an immediate health problem- Chronic Effects - Long-lasting, permanent. Can be result of single large dose or repeated smaller doses.– Also refer to long-lasting exposures as chronicToxins- Allergens - substances that activate the immune systemThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Antigens - substances that are recognized as foreign by white blood cells and stimulate the production of specific antibodies– Other allergens act indirectly by binding to other materials so they become antigenic.- Immune System Depressants - pollutants that depress the immune system- Endocrine Disrupters - disrupt normal hormone functions- Environmental estrogens - environmental contaminants which cause reproductive problems in animals even at very low doses- Neurotoxins - metabolic poisons that specifically attack nerve cells– Different types act in different ways.– Heavy Metals kill nerve cells.- Anesthetics and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons disrupt nerve cell membranes.- Organophosphates and Carbamates inhibit signal transmission between nerve cells.- Mutagens - Agents that damage or alter genetic material. Can lead to birth defects or tumors.- Teratogens - specifically cause abnormalities during embryonic growth and development- Alcohol - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (when a mother who drinks a lot of alcohol while pregnant delivers a baby that has mental issues and physical issues)- Carcinogens - substances that cause cancer– Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death.– 1 in 2 males and 1 in 3 females in the U.S. will have cancer in their lifetime.– Legal Poisons
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