Spring 2003 Third Midterm ISB-202 - Section 008Form: A Instructor: Mark WhalonName:________________________________PID:________________________True or False?1. In a natural land-based ecosystem, soil is a complex living system with millions of living creatures per cm2.2. Within a land-based ecosystem, different plants, animals, microorganisms; their genes, cells, organelles, and complex associations, all contribute to a living, interconnected system essential for human life, culture and economics.3. In a sense, each human is a living ecosystem with our myriad microorganisms living inside your digestive track, on your skin and in our body hair. Yet our ecosystem doesn’t just limit itself to complex microorganism associations. No! We have worms, flagellates, protozoans, and even arthropods (mites) living on and in us.4. A riparian area is associated with banks of a spring, stream, river or body of water. It usually is rich in biodiversity and sometime quite fragile especially in desert areas.5. In the top couple of cm of the world’s oceans tiny algae absorb the sun’s light and the water’s nutrients to photosynthesize and respire. These tiny, divers plants account for much of the world’s oxygen production and CO2 absorption. Disturbingly, human ignorance and pollution have significantly impacted these living systems all over the faceof the earth.Match the term with its definition (each answer will only be used once): 6. Remnant vegetation7. Revegetation8. Niche9. Ecosystem services10. Habitata. The place in the environment where an organism normally occursb. Biodiversity native to a particular localityc. The position or function (profession) of an organism in a community of animals, plants or microorganismsd. The process of reintroducing plants into an area usually by plantinge. None of the aboveTrue or false?11. Food poisoning can be caused by the ingesting of bacteria like Salmonella.12. Nitrogen is fixed from N2 gas in the atmosphere by bacteria and fungi to ammonia.13. Some Eukaryotic protozoans eat bacteria and are predators.14. Fungi have similar metabolisms and structures to plants but lack chlorophyll.15. Yeasts are single celled prokaryotes.True or False?16. Cow’s milk fermented by bacteria and fungi yields cheese by a acidophilus curd.17. Every sexual liaison is not just fluid dynamics; it is actual sharing of micro-flora. In fact,one sexually “experienced” person can infect another “naïve” person with many of his/her micro-flora in a single sexual encounter. It is like having sex with many of your partner’s previous partners!18. The “Balance of Nature” = (births) – (deaths).19. Fecundity is the potential lifetime reproductive capacity.20. The sex ratio of humans is approximately 1.02 : 0.98 females to males.Match the term with an example of it (each answer will only be used once):21. Autotroph22. Herbivore23. Tertiary consumer24. Detritivores25. Secondary Consumera. Plantsb. Cowsc. Carnivores like humansd. Decomposere. None of the aboveTrue or false?26. Batesian mimics look like distasteful organisms, even though they, themselves are harmless.27. Abiotic functions that regulate populations include hurricanes, sudden freezes and insecticides.28. The disadvantages of chemical communication include: time lags before the receiver getsthe message, smaller amount of information communicated than sound, and the message is altered or even lost as concentration of the chemical decreases.29. Pheromones are chemical signals released by males of one species to attract females of another species for predation.30. Queen substance causes female bees and army ants to repress their ovary development.Choose the best word(s) below to complete the following sentence.31. A cellular receptor that receives vibrations?a. Mechanoreceptors b. Photoreceptorsc. Audioreceptorsd. None of the abovee. All of the above32. A daily (24 hour) rhythm of behavior?a. Nocturnal b. Crepuscularc. Diurnal d. None of the above e. All of the above33. Caste determination in Army Ants results from which of the following?a. The strength of Queen Substance, a hormone, in the hive or colony b. Feeding rate determined by minims c. None of the aboved. All of the above34. What is true about hunger?a. Hunger could be reduced if humans learned to eat new plants like Amaranthus, the red root pigweedb. The world produces enough food for everyone, but it is not distributed so that starving people have enough to eatc. Human greed and apathy contribute to hungerd. War, ecological devastation, human migrations, environmental pollution and stripping the land of vegetation all contribute to hungere. All of the above35. Which of the following is not a biotic population regulation mechanism?a. Diseaseb. Predation c. Parasitizationd. Asteroid impacting the earth e. None of the aboveChoose the best word(s) below to complete the following sentence.36. R strategists:a. Are regulated by the carrying capacity of an ecosystemb. Oscillate around the carrying capacity of an ecosystemc. Overshoot the carrying capacity and their population crashesd. None of the abovee. All of the above37. Encephalitides is transmitted by mosquitoes. Which of the following is true about this disease in Michigan?a. Earthworms carry the disease in swamps b. Mosquitoes vector Encephalitides to both birds and humansc. Cats can also be involvedd. Tularemia can resulte. None of the above38. Which of the following is true about Lyme Disease?a. Vector = the deer tickb. Mostly a problem in the Upper Part of Michiganc. Rodents and deer are involved in the disease cycle d. The causative agent is a bacteriume. All of the above39. Biotic agents include:a. Parasites b. Predators c. Disease d. None of the above e. All of the above40. GMO plants are_____________________.a. Not well accepted in Europeb. Conventional genetic selection designed to produce plant cultivars resistant of insects and diseasec. Not safe for human consumptiond. Little used in the USe. All of the above Choose the best word(s) below to complete or complement the following sentences.41. What is a pest?a. An out of place organismb. A health risk or nuisancec. An organism that exceeds the Economic Injury level (EIL)d. Man’s competitor for resources, space, habitat, niche, etc e. All of the above 42. Which of the following is true about American agriculture?a. It is a system that provides a readily available, inexpensive (especially
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