COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE PSYCH 100 SLEEP Circadian rhythm body s biological clock cycle when we are hungery tired morning we want breakfast then lunch dinner bed your body s daily routine regular bodily rhythms that occur on the 24 hr cycle it responds to light cues retinal proteins that control the clock by triggers signals for each part of the day REM sleep rapid eye movements sleep Also called paradoxical sleep because our minds are aroused but our bodies are paralyzed We are in REM when we are dreaming vivid dreams commonly occur in this Sleep Periodic natural and reversible loss of consciousness Stages of Sleep Stage 1 lasts about 2 minutes Light sleep easy to wake alpha waves slow iregular brain wave activity ALPHA WAVES awake but relaxed Sensory experiences are experienced without the stimuli we feel like we are falling floating etc kind of like hallucinations Stage 2 Lasts about 20 minutes Easy to wake slow brain waves but they are more regular you ar enow clearly asleep SLEEP SPINDLES bursts of rapid rhythmic brain waves activity Sleeptalking begins HERE Stage 3 Lasts about 30 minutes Harder to wake this is your transition into deep sleep DELTA WAVES brains waves associated with deep sleep begin here Stage 4 Lasts about 30 minutes Harder to wake deep sleep more delta waves Sleeptalking here but also sleepwalking and bedwetting Paradoxical Sleep REM bursts Unless dream is scary the genitals arouse Body internally aroused but externally relaxed this is the paradox Sleep cycles Cycle is about 90 minutes and it repeats As it repeats stage 4 becomes brief and then disappears Stage 3 will also eventually disappear after stage 4 does REM becomes longer and more vivid many dreams Stage 2 will also become longer Why do we sleep The amount we need to sleep depends on our age genetics and culture BUT we need sleep to function It sustains moods makes us refreshed perform better evolution survival recuperation rejuvenation especially for the brain learning physical growth Sleep deprivation The amount of sleep you need depends on your age for example babies sleep most of the day and older people can function on 8 hours or less You transition into REM faster when you have been sleep deprived REM rebound supresses immune system decreases creativity and problem solving increases shakes tremors irritability promotes accidents pilot issues driving long distance ALSO effects Stress performance obesity health hormones metabolism negatively Sleep disorders INSOMNIA reoccuring problems falling asleep or staying alseep To Overcome exercise regularly but not directly before you sleep relax before bed dim lights set regular times no naps don t force it no pills no alcohol NARCOLEPSY spontaneous overwhelming sleepiness can collapse into sleep uncontrollable sleep attacks may lapse directly into REM sleep often at inappropriate times SLEEP APNEA without breath Temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings wake up gasping for air cycle repeats many times a night prevents slow wave sleep and is commonly confused with snoring Night Terrors When STAGE 4 Awake NO Remember it NO Who MOSTLY KIDS Heredity YES a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified they occur during stage 4 sleep within two or three hours of falling alseep and are seldom remembered VS Nightmares When REM sleep Awake YES Remember it YES Who ANYONE Heredity NO in REM sleep you are awake and able to remember it occurs for everyone and it doesn t deal with heredity Manifest content manifest memory Censored symbolic verison of our dream Our dreams have two story lines according to Freud and this is the verison we remember VS Latent content latent secret Unconscious erotic desire aggressive erotic This is the part of our dream our mind wont fully reveal to us so it uses the manifest content to symbolize this The underlying hidden context in your dream Why Dream function Freud says safety valce for erotic desires key to understanding inner conflicts we work toward solving provlems this has some credibilty one of his GREATEST FAILURES books says to satisy wishes file memories develop and preserve nueral pathways make sense of nueral static and to reflect on cognitive development we dream to consolidate integrate and clean up The more stress and learning in the day the more we dream it provided stimulation Why Dream explanation nueral activity while sleep random goal of brain is to make sense of this information brain imposes meaning to make sense of nueral activity emotional wacky stories This explains why we may dream about our experiences and our environment REM rebound The more we lack in REM the more we are deprived of it the more we are able to fall quickly into it to make up for loss If we keep waking up during the night we will fall quickly back into our dreams BIOLOGY Perhaps mammals need REM Sleepwalking genetic links to this 20 of children 3 12 1 200 adults males more than females it is NORMAL part of maturation process you are PARTIALLY awake your brain is still processing info navigation name baby cry and you would wake lasts 2 10 minutes Sleeptalking also genetic most likely during STAGE 4 deep sleep when it is in stage 4 our talking is unclear disjointed and unemotional when it occurs in REM sleep we are more emotional and clear Sleeptalking does not reveal any hidden truths even though I like to believe it meant something when Ron said Hermione s name in his sleep MEMORY Memory is the pesistance of learning overtime through the storage and retrieval of information Encoding storage retrieval Encoding The processing of information into the memory system getting info from the world into our memory system we usually encode the GIST not verbatim highlight summarize a story but not recite it word for word Formats of encoding Verbal acoustic visual spatial movements Storage The retention of encoded information over time process for maintaining information what we hold onto once the environment has been removed Retrieval The process of getting info out of the memory storage info from the LTM long term memory back into the STM short term memory Flashbulb Memory Examples first kiss the challenger explosion 911 death of princess diana a HIGHLY EMOTIONAL memory that your brain takes a picture of flash of memory Sensory Memory The immediate very brief recording of sensory information into the memory system FLEETING we need it For selection attention being able to
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