Chapter 5: Growth of Athens and Persian Wars- Archon- leader- Basileus- one of archons who administered city’s cults and lawsuits.- Polemarch (war archon) – commanded army and judged disputes involving non citizens.- Archon- had overall supervision of public affairs.- Thesmotherai- 6 judicial officials- Oikoi- individual households- Phylai- tribes- Phratry- brotherhood- Conspiracy of Cylon: Cylon, married to Theagenes, tried to seize Acropolis and attempt to betyrant of Athenso Failed and found himself and his supporters besieged by the Athenians.o Cylon escaped but supporters stayed at alter of Athena and was killed by Megacles, o Politically motivated demands for expulsion of the accursed sent shock waves thrupolitical body because people believed that the family’s shared responsibility for itsmembers’ impious actions might call on the wrath of gods. - Drako: Snake, Athenians worshipped sacred snake on the Acropoliso Law concerning homicide Before his laws, bereaved families were allowe to avenge the death of loved one. His laws allowed for trial before the magistrate who determined either deathpenalty or exile. o Problem: Magistrate had to choose one or the other, wouldn’t change for particularlitigants.- Delean League: o Called that because its treasury was located on island of Delos.o Seeked to consolidate Greek power in the easto Greeks did not appreciate their commander, Pausanias for conducting himself like aneastern potentate, so Sparta sent out another commander but was unsuccessful.o Athens offered chance to lead leagueo In 477 BC representatives met at Delos to join and organize a League to fight Persians. o All members would contribute ships or money o From beginning, power was in Athenian handso Goals: containment of Persia, gathering of booty as compensation for damages done toGreece, and revenge- Hetaira: women of higher status who never mingled with men and received pay for services. - Greece after 30 Yrs Peace.o Signing of peace b/t Athens and Corinth in 445BC- Herodotus: Passionate curiosity of causes and originso Made assumptions about inferiority of non Greek cultures and low intellect of women.- Thucydides: Clever speaking, careful observation, rational deduction, and tragic view of theworld.o Writing shows no interest of women.o Saw actions of people are responsible for how things turn out.o World’s first historian. - Aeschylus: 525-456 BCo First famous tragediano Treats the supreme difficulty of understanding and obtaining a just social and religiousorder. - The Oresteia:o Agamemnon and Furies (Eumenides)- Sophocles: 496-406 BCo Antigone- Herodotus:o Cleisthenes wanting to banish Adrastus o Sent Melanippus who killed Adrastus brother to make o Cylon and his men tried to seize acropolis, clestenes escaped, o DoriansThe drive that is imbedded in men toattain wealthand power, and how it is a characteristic ofhuman character, the gods and how they interacted and became involved in human affairs, theimportance of customs and traditions as influences on human behavior, and lastly, the need forHarodotus to identify and evaluate his sources.- Aeschylus: Furieso Before him tragedy had consisted of the chorus and one actor; and by introducing a second actor, expanding thedramatic dialogue thus made possible, and reducing the lyrical parts, he practically created Greek tragedy as weunderstand it.o It deals with the two great themes of the retribution of crime and the inheritance of evil;o the fathers have eaten sour grapes and the children`s teeth are set on edge; both maintain that the soul thatsinneth, it shall die.o Themes, Phoebus, Pythiao Humility, motherhood, Forgiveness (from appollo for killing mother)o Arestes kills clymenestra for killing his father. - Aeschlus: Agamemnono Clymenestra mad at Agamemnon because he sacrificed daughter so he could go to war.o God’s, gender, justice.o Herald, Cassandra, red carpet- Sophocles: Oedipus Tyrannuso Oedipus tries to solve the murder mystery which was himselfo Exile, Fate, Sighto Creon, Laois- Sophocles: Antigoneo Death, Pride, Womeno Etocles and Polyneices go to war and both die, but Poly is not allowed to be buried.Antigone tries to be buried, but she is exiled. God’s are mad at Creon for not buryingbecause birds eat his flesh which are used for sacrifice, so Creon’s son will die. o Creon goes back for Antigone but she has already hung herself, and Creons husbandhas also suicide because sons death. o Focuses on bad qualities of kingo God’s must be respected by