CLAS 1000 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture III. Awkward Adolescence: Mid/Late Archaic (700-500BC)B Polis! Now what?- Something about Sparta:o Two Poets: Alkmano Summary of Sparta- Aristocrats and the Polis:o Trade Contact with non-Greekso Military and waro Government: aristocratic oligarchyo Social divisionso TyrannyCurrent Lecture2. The Aristocrats | Polis- Tyrannyo Mostly confined to the archaic age, but still existed on the island of Sicilyo Played on discontent, and appealed to, the poor peopleo Tyrants hired a body guard or a mercenary for protectiono Had a bad reputation but were not all bad people Most tyrants kept laws and customs in place Helped their supporters by cancelling debts and providing jobs Made cultural innovations in technology and literatureo Hereditary- children born from tyrant parents would go on to be tyrants Not all children were cut out for this lifestyle thougho Spartans absolutely hated tyrants and tried to knock them down- Theognis (~600BC)o A lower aristocrat; didn’t like the changing social mobility  For him, social class = ethical class (rich are good, poor are bad)o Upset established orderThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Wrote about his fear of a tyrant taking overo His poetry and performances took place as symposia Talked about politics as well as play Talked about himself and his friends- Poetry was no longer for the community, it was about self discovery- “Inter-Polis” Relations were still not goodo Centripetal (“seeking the center”) Pan-Hellensim: a shared culture between all Greeks from all poleis- This was exemplified in the Olympic games (776BC) and the Delphic oracleo Centrifugal (“fleeing the center”) Local pride trumped Pen-Hellenism- The city states (poleis) were never united as one nation Agonistic, individualistic- Resources, power, prestige- Everyone wanted to be “the polis”2. The Aristocrats | Athletics- Already seen in the Iliad in book 23 at the funeral games- Local and Pan-Hellenic festivalso Olympic gameso Early 6th century: Pythian festival for Apollo in Delphi was held every 4 years Nemian festival in South Peloponnese every two years Isthian festival in Carinth every two yearso Panathenaia in Athens- Competetion for prestige for ones self (kleos) and for their polis- Athletes were typically the wealthy men, if they got really good at a sport they could turn it into their career and make a living off of it- Athletes were considered hero’s and were welcomed warmly on their return homeo They got trainers and nutritionistso Gymnasia- “naked places” – Greeks trained without clothes on because of the heat; the gymnasia was considered a social gathering location2. The Aristocrats | Pindor- A multifaceted poeto Most famous for his victory ode (Epinecean ode) Four of the 17 book survivedo Was hired by wealthy and powerful (Aristocrats/ Tyrants of Sicily)- Active in the Classical Age (498-446BC), but had an Archaic mindseto Used sports and expression of aristocratic values Arete, he said, was brought out by victory- He believed that all success came from the gods (external) Worry and jealousy (from both humans and gods)- To combat this issue, Pindor didn’t talk about the winner as frequently in his poetry as he did their families, trainers, horses, and poleis. Respects the difference between divine and human achievement  Kharis/Xenia: important for both the poet and the writer- The victory calls for song, the song calls for victory- The victor and poet have a guest/host relationship3. The Athenian Adventure- Early History: (we don’t know much about it)o Autochthonous – the thought that Athenians had always inhabited the lando Minor Bronze Age center Was not as centralized as the other Bronze Age centers, but still existedo When the Bronze Age collapsed, Athens did not because the surround economieswere still somewhat successful and independent/ less centralizedo Athens has an early recovery at the end of the Dark Age This is shown by the pottery finds and grave finds- Synoicismo Attributed to Theseuso Athenians integrated almost all of the surrounding area of Attica  War with Eleusis No subjugation (unlike Sparta) All Atticans were considered Athenian citizenso Synoica festivals- Population growth in early archaic periodo There was a severe need for food but Athens did not have good land for farmingo Athenians did not colonize or conquer other areas- Dependent on commerce and exports (olives, olive oil, wine, grapes, pottery, silver)- Aristocracy (Eupatrids, “of good ancestors”) dominated Athenso They were large landowners- Government system in Athens:o Archons, “rulers” – 9 of them, elected annually, had to be a Eupatrid to be electedo Areopagos Council- former archons, lifetime membershipo A general assembly of all male citizens – elected Archons- Tensions:o Between Eupatrids o Debt