CLAS 1000 1st Edition Lecture 23Outline of Last Lecture III. Awkward Adolesense: Mid/Late Archaic (700-500BC)B. Polis! Now what?3. The Athenian Adventure:- DemocracyIV. Rise and Fall of Athens: Classical Period (500-400BC)A. Persian Wars- Prelude: Ionian Revolt (499-494BC)o Athenian participation- Act 1: Dariuso Punitive action for Sardiso Battle of Marathon (490BC): Miltiades’ planCurrent LecturePersian Wars | Act 1: Darius- Battle of Marathon (490BC)o Persians greatly outnumbers the Greekso “Mad” Dash 1 (made by the Greeks) weak center, strong wings Ran all the way to the Persians in their heavy armor Persians were utterly defeated (See maps on class webpage)o “Mad” Dash 11: (Athens is undefended/Greeks are in Marathon/ Persians are on their ships) Persians are sailing to Athens to retaliate, Greek (on land) run from Marathon to Athens to try and beat back the Persians before they destroyAthens. Greeks beat Persians to AthensThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Fun Fact: distance from Marathon to Athens in 26.2 miles!o Pride: up until the battle of Marathon the Greeks were utterly terrified of Persians, but since they destroyed Persia in the battle of Marathon they have newfound pride in themselves. Sparatans (who were too busy with a religious festival to help Greeks) are very impressed with Athens ability to beat Persians Men who fought in the battle were “Marathon Men”- Aiskhylos- a playwright who takes great pride in being a “Marathon Man”- Athens greatest men (like men who fought in WWII)Persian Wars | Intermezzo- Delays of Persian revenge (the calm before the storm)- Athenso A new vein of silver was found at Laureion, a flood of money came into the polis: Themistokles VS. Aristeides in Just – debate what to do with new money:- Themistokles wants to build 200 new triremes (warships)- Aristeides the Just wants to divvy it up among Athenians Themistokles wins popular vote; Arsiteides the Just is ostracized and exiles for 10 yearsPersian Wars | Act II: Xerxes (the great Persian King)- Crossing the Hellespont (a narrow strip of water), uses boats to create a bridge so that he doesn’t have to go in the watero Greeks see this as a form of hubris: turning water into earth- Some Greeks give up during march and capitulate to the Persianso Is this betrayal?o Even the Oracle of Apollo in Delphi said to give up- 481 BC: Hellenic Leagueo Peloponnesian League and Athenso Sparta was given command of the league- Battle of Thermopylae (“Hot (springs) Gate”)o Lead by Leonidas, a Spartan kingo Xerxes does attack right awayo Still cant beat the Greeks and Persians are defeated for a second timeo Honor and Oracle: Leonidas decides to fight to his death because that is the heroic thing to do, also the oracle says you can be victorious if one of your kings dieso- Athens burns in revenge for Sardis- Constant Greek indecision at Salamiso Peloponnesians: want to retreat a build a wall (doesn’t account for Persian ships)o Themistokles: says they need to fight now!- Battle of Salamis: (480BC)o Themistokles’ machinations: Threat to withdraw Athens’ ships if Peloponnesians don’t fight now Sends a secret message Xerxes, influencing him to capture the Greeks at Salamiso Strategy: Straights are harder to negotiate; Greek ships are heavier and slower than the Persianso Greeks won through trickery!o Xerxes returns to Persia- Battle at Plataia (early 479BC)o Gets Persians out of Greek propero Persians were defeated on lando Under Spartan command - Battle of Mykale (late 479BC)o Severe Persian defeat in the Aegean Seao Ionian Greeks see that Persians are losing, they revolt and leave Persia, regaining their independencePersian Wars | coda: Delian League- Fall of Pausanias (head of the Greek forces)o He started adapting Persian culture and acting like he liked the Persians, so the Greeks ousted him- Formation (479BC): had a duel purposeo First, to eject Persians from the Mediterranean o Second, to plunder and recoup losseso Each Greek state had to either contribute ships or money to the leagueo Athens was given command of the Delian league- Assessment by Aristeiedes the Just- Most decide to pay money instead of buying shipso Money goes to the treasury of