CLAS 1000 1st EditionLecture 7Outline of Last Lecture II. Epic Encounters: Early Archaic (800-700BC)B. Hesiod and the Early Archaic Period-Eighth Century Renaissance-Wealth, disparity, competition for resources, colonization, individual/society-Greek Religion-Characteristics, divine and human relationsCurrent LectureGreek Religion and Myth- Myths- a cultural conversation: a way for society to work out its ideas and values; how they explain human beings and the physical worldo External Psychology Abstract forceso Social Institutions and rituals o Defines civilization both on a divine and human level; order vs. chaos, myths give order to things- Religion- a practical mytho Humans are seen as part of the cosmic order (like seasons, years; part of the rhythm of life)o Permeates every aspect of lifeo Necessary for civilized people; people without religion are viewed as uncivilizedTheogony by Hesiod- The story of how Zeus comes to powero Creation: Abstractions  Monstrous figures  Zeus/other gods- Zeus gives order to the worldo Lack of strifThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Compare to earlier generations (father/son) Equitable division with brothers, Poseidon and Hades- Poseidon is given the sea, Hades the underworldo “Wives” Metis – “intelligence”- Zeus swallows Metis while she is pregnant with his daughter, Athena, and then Athena is born from Zeus’ head- Zeus is intelligent because he swallowed Metis Themis- “divine righteousness”- Gives birth to the seasons, Lawfulness, Justice, Peace, Fates Other Olympian gods, Muses, HeraklesHesiod | Piety- “Hymn to the muses”o external psychology- Zeus can do no wrong according to Hesiodo Humans were punished for Prometheus’ actionso Hesiod doesn’t mention that Zeus told someone to create Pandora, therefore Pandora is not Zeus’ fault. The act is more important than the intent in greek cultureo Myth of Races: Gold to Silver Race: Kronos was the king of the Golden race Humans are to blame for the death of the Bronze and Heroic races even though Zeus crated them, it is not his fault that they were “bad” Hesiod never mentions who created the Iron raceo Squabble with Hera muted Zeus had many “Wives,” not affairs- makes him look bettero ** Hesiod whitewashes things as much as possible to make Zeus look like an angel, notice that Homer does not do this.- Myth vs. Religion – Character vs. Divine Powero Hesiod makes Zeus look as divine as possibleSummary: Hesiod and the Early Archaic Period:- Historic backgroundo “Dark” Ageo Rise in population – synoicism poliso Organization and land hunger/ colonizationo Individual/Society (Centripetal/Centrifugal)o Greek Religion Polytheistic Anthropomorphism Decentralization (polis religion) Procedural- act > intent- Defined god/human interaction- Interaction with mythologyHesiod Summary- Works and Dayso Two Strifes- good strife and bad strifeo Arbitration and its problems Bribery Unfair judgmento Solution: Justice- respect for the gods and humans, agriculture- Theogonyo Zeus establishes cosmic order- Piety of Hesiod towards ZeusIII. The Awkward Adolescence Mid-Late Archaic Period (700-500 BC)- Orality and Writingo Before writing existed- speaking and knowledge  Important of memory- if something was forgotten it was gone forever- Mnemosyne is the mother of the muses, name means goddess of memory Rhythmic speech: rhyming, chanting, singing; made it easier to rememberthings “Song Culture”- used songs, stories, and myths as a focal point for knowledge “Bard”- a singer; the focal point of knowledge- very prestigious in society- have a connection to the gods more so than normal mortal beings- Bard/Singer (Aoidos)o Milman Parry and A. B. Lord Homer formulaic Serbo-Croatian gulsari – similar to illiterate bards- No fixed text to memorize; no standard story, the story changes every time it is a told a little bit Greek bard- heavily trained from an early age- Functioned to entertain Greeks, teach them about culture, pass onhistory- Stories were passed on to friends and family members through people who attended the bard’s